Brahmia skribsistemo
Brahmia, brahma aŭ brama estas la moderna nomo[1] de skribsistemo de antikva Hindio.[2] La brahmia skribsistemo aperis kiel tute disvolvigita universala en Suda Azio almenaŭ ĉirkaŭ la 3-a jarcento a.K.,[2] kaj estas antaŭaĵo de ĉiuj el la skribsistemoj kiuj estis uzataj en Suda Azio kun la escepto de la Indusa skribsistemo de la tria jarmilo a.K., la skribsistemo Ĥaroŝti, kiu originis en tio, kio estas nuntempe nordokcidenta Pakistano en la kvara aŭ eble en la kvina jarcento a.K.,[3] la Pers-Arabaj skribsistemoj ekde la mezepokaj periodoj, kaj la Latinaj skribsistemoj de la moderna periodo.[2] Ties posteuloj, la brahmiaj skribsistemoj, plue estas uzataj nuntempe ne nur en Suda Azio, sed ankaŭ en Sudorienta Azio.[4][5][6] brahmia estas abugido, kiu uzas sistemon de diakritaj markiloj por asociigi vokalojn al la konsonantaj simboloj.
| Brahmia skribsistemo | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Tipo |
silabaro | |
| ISO 15924 | Brah
| |
| ||
| natura skribsistemo | ||
| Dum | 3-a jarcento a.K.E. - 5-a jarcento | |
Notoj redakti
- ↑ Salomon, Richard (1998), Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 17, (ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3), OCLC 32854176, https://archive.org/details/RichardSalomonIndianEpigraphyAGuideToTheBookZa.org/page/n39, "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [sc. lipi], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia Fa yiian chu lin the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the Lalitavistara are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Salomon, Richard. (1998) Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages. Nov-Jorko: Oxford University Press, p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3. OCLC 32854176. “... the Brahmi script appeared in the third century B.C. as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso-Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives.”.
- ↑ Salomon, Richard. (10a de Decembro 1998) Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, p. 42–46. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3. OCLC 32854176. “The presumptive homeland and principal area of the use of Kharoṣțhī script ... was the territory along and around the Indus, Swat, and Kabul River Valleys of the modern North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan; ... [pp. 42–44] In short, there is no clear evidence to allow us to specify the date of the origin of Kharoṣțhī with any more precision than sometime in the fourth, or possibly the fifth, century B.C. [p. 46]”.
- ↑ Salomon 1998, pp. 19–30.
- ↑ Salomon, Richard, On The Origin Of The Early Indian Scripts: A Review Article Arkivigite je 2019-05-22 per la retarkivo Wayback Machine. Journal of the American Oriental Society 115.2 (1995), 271–279
- ↑ “Brahmi”, Encyclopedia Britannica.