Vikipedio:Kiel legi la taksonomion: Malsamoj inter versioj

'''Taksonomio''' estas tabelo troviĝanta en artikoloj pri organismoj kaj grupoj de organismoj. Tiu ĉi artikolo montros al vi, kiel legi ĝin.

 

 

La numeroj de unuopaj elementoj de la taksonomio ligas al la dosiero dekstre, kiu respondas al angla artikolo Colorado potato beetle ([[Terpoma skarabo]]).

 

# '''''Nomo en Esperanto''''' <br> En la titolo de la taksonomio estas notata nomo en Esperanto, se ĝi ekzistas, alie oni uzu sciencan nomon.

# '''''Scienca klasifikado''''' <br> Meza parto de la taksonomio montras nuntempe agnoskatan [[scienca klasifikado|sciencan klasifikadon]] de organismo aŭ grupo de organismoj priskribataj en artikolo.

 

# '''''"Ranks" of the Taxa''''' <br> On the left of the classification are the "ranks" of the taxa that are named on the right. A [[species]] is a population of related individuals that share a more or less distinctive form and are capable of interbreeding. It is included in a [[genus]] (a group of related species), which is included in a family (a group of related genera) and so on. Normally the seven "major ranks" appear as shown here, but in cases where more detail is appropriate, "minor ranks" may appear as well. For example, a subfamily may appear between family and genus.

# '''''Binomial Name''''' <br> The [[binomial name]] or "binomen" is the currently accepted scientific name for a [[species]]. It consists of the name of the genus followed by a "specific epithet". Binomial names must be chosen so that no two organisms have the same name; this means that scientists can use ''Leptinotarsa decemlineata'' to refer to the Colorado potato beetle without ambiguity.<ref>Note that this rule only applies to organisms of which the names are governed by the same [[Nomenclature code|code]]: the sets of rules maintained by taxonomists to ensure uniqueness of names. Although taxonomists are strongly advised not to copy names that are used in other 'realms', it is not forbidden to do so. Many genus names exist that are duplicated in the animal and plant kingdom. ''Prunella modularis'' (a bird) has the same genus name as ''Prunella vulgaris'' (a plant); ''Liparis'' (for a genus of fish and a genus of orchids) is another example. At present there are at least three codes that govern scientific names: the [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] (ICBN) for plants and fungi, the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] (ICZN) for animals, and the [[International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria]] (ICNB) for [[prokaryota]], each of which has no rights outside its own realm (see [[Nomenclature Codes|Nomenclature codes]]).</ref> Binomial names are written in [[Latin]], or other languages transliterated into Latin. (This has its origin in the science of the [[18th century]] when the binomial system was popularized, when scientific publication was most often in Latin.) In the case of the Colorado potato beetle ''Leptinotarsa'' is Latinized [[Greek language|Greek]] meaning "delicate feet"; ''decemlineata'' is Latin, meaning "ten-striped". It is common practice and very much advised to write scientific genus and species names in italics. The first character of the genus name is capitalized; the specific epithet is always in lower case, even if it commemorates a place or a person.

 

The scientific classification of an organism is a scientific hypothesis. It may be confirmed or refuted by new evidence. A future new study might demonstrate that the Colorado potato beetle is not a single species, but a group of very closely related but separate species; perhaps a [[cryptic species complex]]. A taxonomist may look in detail at the species in the family [[Chrysomelidae]] and propose a new classification splitting that family into several smaller ones or merging it with several others.

 

==Referencoj==