Arduino: Malsamoj inter versioj
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[[Dosiero:Arduino Uno - R3.jpg|eta|"Arduino Uno" Revision 3]]
'''Arduino''' estas singula-tabla etkontrolilo, intencante al fari la apliko de interagaj objektoj aŭ medioj pli facila. La hardvaro enhavas liberkodan hardvarotabulon desegnitan ĉirkaŭ 8-bit Atmel AVR etkontrolilo, aŭ 32-bit Atmel ARM. Nuntempaj versioj trajtas unu USB interfason, 6 analogajn enmetajn pinglojn, kaj 14 diĝitalajn enigaj kaj eligaj pingloj kiuj permesas la uzantojn alkroĉi diversajn etendigajn tabuloj.
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La nuntempa prezo estas cxirkaux $30 kaj la similaj klonoj nur $9. Unu simpla Arduino Mini Pro klono eble disponas je $4 el Cxinio.
== Hardware ==▼
>>Ĉi tiu sekcio bezonas aldonajn citaĵojn por verifikado. Bonvolu helpi plibonigi ĉi tiun artikolon per aldono de citaĵoj al fidindaj fontoj. Senfonta materialo povus esti kontestata kaj forigata.
<!--An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller with complementary components to facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is the standard way that connectors are exposed, allowing the CPU board to be connected to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known as shields. Some shields communicate with the Arduino board directly over various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an I²C serial bus, allowing many shields to be stacked and used in parallel. Official Arduinos have used the megaAVR series of chips, specifically the ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, and ATmega2560. A handful of other processors have been used by Arduino compatibles. Most boards include a 5 volt linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in some variants), although some designs such as the LilyPad run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions. An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other devices that typically need an external programmer. This makes using an Arduino more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the programmer.
>>At a conceptual level, when using the Arduino software stack, all boards are programmed over an RS-232 serial connection, but the way this is implemented varies by hardware version. Serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232-level and TTL-level signals. Current Arduino boards are programmed via USB, implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232. Some variants, such as the Arduino Mini and the unofficial Boarduino, use a detachable USB-to-serial adapter board or cable, Bluetooth or other methods. (When used with traditional microcontroller tools instead of the Arduino IDE, standard AVR ISP programming is used.)
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>>There are many Arduino-compatible and Arduino-derived boards. Some are functionally equivalent to an Arduino and may be used interchangeably. Many are the basic Arduino with the addition of commonplace output drivers, often for use in school-level education to simplify the construction of buggies and small robots. Others are electrically equivalent but change the form factor, sometimes permitting the continued use of Shields, sometimes not. Some variants use completely different processors, with varying levels of compatibility.
== Oficialaj tabuloj ==
Further information: List of Arduino boards and compatible systems
The original Arduino hardware is manufactured by the Italian company Smart Projects.[9] Some Arduino-branded boards have been designed by the American company SparkFun Electronics.[10] Sixteen versions of the Arduino hardware have been commercially produced to date.
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Adafruit Datalogging Shield with a SD slot and Real-Time Clock chip
== Softvaro ==
Arduino Software IDE
Arduino 1.0 IDE, Ubuntu 11.10.png
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The integrated pin 13 LED-->
<source lang="c">
#define LED_PIN 13
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delay (1000); // Wait one second
}
</source>
<!--It is a feature of most Arduino boards that they have an LED and load resistor connected between pin 13 and ground; a convenient feature for many simple tests.[16] The previous code would not be seen by a standard C++ compiler as a valid program, so when the user clicks the "Upload to I/O board" button in the IDE, a copy of the code is written to a temporary file with an extra include header at the top and a very simple main() function at the bottom, to make it a valid C++ program.
The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and AVR Libc to compile programs, and uses avrdude to upload programs to the board.
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Although the hardware and software designs are freely available under copyleft licenses, the developers have requested that the name "Arduino" be exclusive to the official product and not be used for derivative works without permission. The official policy document on the use of the Arduino name emphasizes that the project is open to incorporating work by others into the official product.[20] Several Arduino-compatible products commercially released have avoided the "Arduino" name by using "-duino" name variants.[21]
== Aplikaĵoj ==
See also: List of open source hardware projects
Xoscillo: open-source oscilloscope[22]
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