Luktosporto: Malsamoj inter versioj
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Linio 56:
Kelkaj luktartoj en variaj kulturoj povas esti plenumitaj en [[danco]] - kiel scenoj por variaj tialoj, kiaj por veki ferocecon en preparado por batalo aŭ por montrado de lerteco en pli stiligita maniero. Multaj tiaj luktartoj aligas [[muziko]]n, ĉefe fortajn perkutajn ritmojn aŭ ritme kontentigajn kiel por [[kapoejro]].
==Historio==
{{Ĉefartikolo|Historiaj eŭropaj luktartoj}}
[[Image:Beni Hassan tomb 15 wrestling detail.jpg|thumb|300px|Detalo de prilukta fresko sur tombo 15a ĉe [[Beni Hasan]].]]
La plje antikvas artaĵo kiu priskribas scenojn de batalo, date reen el 3400 a.K.,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kobukaijujitsu.com/grapplingstyles.html |title=grapplingstyles |publisher=Kobukaijujitsu.com |date=1938-10-16 |accessdate=2015-08-13}}</ref> estis pentraĵoj de [[Antikva Egipto]] kiuj montras kelkajn formojn de lukto.<ref name="iwonawalery">Iwona Czerwinska Pawluk kaj Walery Zukow (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NY81p9dVI70C&pg=PA21 Humanities dimension of physiotherapy, rehabilitation, nursing and public health]''. p. 21</ref> Date reen el 3000 a.K. en [[Mezopotamio]] ([[Babilono]]), oni trovis reliefojn kaj poemojn kiuj priskribas lukton.<ref name="iwonawalery" /> En [[Vjetnamio]], pentraĵoj kaj skizoj el 2879 a.K. priskribas kelkajn manierojn de lukto kiuj uzas glavojn, bastonojn, arkojn kaj lancojn.<ref name="iwonawalery" />
{{redaktata}}
[[Ĉinaj luktartoj]] originiĝis dum la [[Dinastio Xia]] antaŭ pli ol 4000 jaroj. It is said the [[Yellow Emperor]] Huangdi (legendary date of ascension 2698 BC) introduced the earliest fighting systems to [[China]]. The Yellow Emperor is described as a famous [[general]] who, before becoming [[China]]'s leader, wrote lengthy treatises on medicine, [[astrology]] and the martial arts. One of his main opponents was [[Chi You]] who was credited as the creator of jiao di, a forerunner to the modern art of [[Chinese wrestling]].
The foundation of modern [[Asian martial arts]] is likely a blend of early [[Chinese martial arts|Chinese]] and [[Indian martial arts]]. During the [[Warring States period]] of [[History of China|Chinese history]] (480-221 BC) extensive development in martial philosophy and strategy emerged, as described by [[Sun Tzu]] in ''[[The Art of War]]'' (c. 350 BC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonshi.com/why.html |title=Sun Tzu Biography and Introduction: Sun Tzu The Art of War and Strategy Site by |publisher=Sonshi. Com |date= |accessdate=2010-11-07}}</ref> Legendary accounts link the origin of [[Shaolinquan]] to the [[spread of Buddhism]] from [[India]] during the early 5th century AD, with the figure of [[Bodhidharma]], to [[China]].<ref>Reid, Howard and Croucher, Michael. ''The Way of the Warrior-The Paradox of the Martial Arts" New York. Overlook Press: 1983.</ref>
[[File:Pankration Met 16.71.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Pankration|Pankratiasts]] fighting under the eyes of a judge. Side B of a [[Panathenaic Games|Panathenaic]] prize [[Panathenaic amphora|amphora]], c. 500 BC.]]
In Europe, the earliest sources of martial arts traditions date to [[Ancient Greece]]. [[Ancient Greek Boxing|Boxing]] (''pygme'', ''pyx''), [[Greek wrestling|wrestling]] (''pale'') and [[pankration]] were represented in the [[Ancient Olympic Games]]. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] produced [[Gladiator|gladiatorial combat]] as a public spectacle.
A number of historical [[combat manual]]s have survived from the European [[Middle Ages]]. This includes such styles as [[Historical fencing|sword and shield]], [[two-handed swordfighting]] and other types of [[melee weapons]] besides unarmed combat. Amongst these are transcriptions of the (possibly apocryphal) Johannes [[Lichtenauer]]'s mnemonic poem on the longsword dating back to the late fourteenth century. Likewise, Asian martial arts become well-documented during the medieval period, [[Japanese martial arts]] beginning with the establishment of the [[samurai]] nobility in the 12th century, [[Chinese martial arts]] with [[Ming dynasty|Ming era]] treatises such as [[Ji Xiao Xin Shu]], [[Indian martial arts]] in medieval texts such as the [[Agni Purana]] and the [[Malla Purana]], and [[Korean martial arts]] from the [[Joseon]] era and texts such as [[Muyejebo]] (1598).
European swordsmanship always had a sportive component, but the [[duel]] was always a possibility until [[World War I]]. Modern [[fencing|sport fencing]] began developing during the 19th century as the French and Italian military academies began codifying instruction. The Olympic games led to standard international rules, with the Féderation Internationale d'Escrime founded in 1913. Modern boxing originates with [[Jack Broughton]]'s rules in the 18th century, and reaches its present form with the [[Marquess of Queensberry Rules]] of 1867. Europe's colonization of Asian countries also brought about a decline in local martial arts, especially with the introduction of firearms. This can clearly be seen in India after the full establishment of [[British Raj]] in the 19th century.<ref name="Zarilli 98">Zarrilli, Phillip B. (1998). When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses and Practices of Power in Kalarippayattu, a South Indian Martial Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, India. ISBN 0-19-563940-5</ref> Similar phenomena occurred in Southeast Asian colonies such as [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]] and the [[Philippines]].
==Specoj laŭ landoj==
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