Kotono: Malsamoj inter versioj
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Linio 37:
En Irano ([[Persio]]), la historio de kotono datas reen al la epoko de [[Akemenidoj]] (5a jarcento a.K.); tamen, estas malmultaj fontoj pri la plantado de kotono en antaŭ-islama Irano. La plantado de kotono estis ofta en [[Merv]], Raj kaj [[Provinco Fars|Fars]] de Irano. En [[Persa lingvo|persa poezio]], ĉefe en la verko de [[Abol-Gasem Ferdoŭsio|Ferdoŭsio]] nome [[Ŝahnameo]], estas referencoj al la kotono ("panbe" en [[Persa lingvo|persa]]). [[Marco Polo]] (13a jarcento) referencas al la ĉefaj produktoj de Persio, kiaj la kotono. [[John Chardin]], franca veturanto de la 17a jarcento kiu vizitis la [[Safavidoj|Safavidan Persion]], parolsi aprobe pri la etandaj kotonplantejoj de Persio.<ref>[http://www.encyclopaediaislamica.com/madkhal2.php?sid=2820 Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation. بنیاد دائره المعارف اسلامی ], Alirita la 28an de Februaro 2009.</ref>
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▲During the [[Han dynasty]], cotton was grown by non-Chinese peoples in the southern Chinese province of [[Yunnan]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=H5VDA90eDUoC&pg=PA410|title=Textiles of Southeast Asia: tradition, trade and transformation|author=Maxwell, Robyn J. |year=2003|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|edition=revised|isbn=0-7946-0104-9|page=410}}</ref>
▲In [[Peru]], cultivation of the indigenous cotton species ''[[Gossypium barbadense]]'' was the backbone of the development of coastal cultures such as the [[Norte Chico civilization|Norte Chico]], [[Moche (culture)|Moche]], and [[Nazca culture|Nazca]]. Cotton was grown upriver, made into nets, and traded with fishing villages along the coast for large supplies of fish. The Spanish who came to Mexico and Peru in the early 16th century found the people growing cotton and wearing clothing made of it.
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During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because [[Herodotus]] had written in his ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'', Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was a tree, rather than a shrub. This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in several Germanic languages, such as German ''[[wikt:Baumwolle|Baumwolle]]'', which translates as "tree wool" (''Baum'' means "tree"; ''Wolle'' means "wool"). Noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. [[John Mandeville]], writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie {{sic}}." (See [[Vegetable Lamb of Tartary]].) By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.
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