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===Industria Revolucio en Britio===
La alveno de la [[Industria Revolucio]] en Brition havigis grandan stimulon al la kotonfabrikado, ĉar tekstiloj aperis kiel la ĉefa brita eksportaĵo de Britio. En 1738, [[Lewis Paul]] kaj [[John Wyatt]], de [[Birmingham]], Anglio, patentis la rulspinilongrulŝpinilon, same kiel la the flugbobenan sistemon por elpreni kotonon al pli eĉplia dikeco uzante du seriojn de rulaĵoj kiuj moviĝis je diferencaj rapidoj. Poste, la inventoj de [[James Hargreaves]] de [[spiniloŝpinilo Jenny]] en 1764, de [[Richard Arkwright]] de [[spinilkadroŝpinilkadro]] en 1769 kaj de [[Samuel Crompton]] de [[spinilmuloŝpinilmulo]] en 1775 permesis al britaj spinistojŝpinistoj produkti kotonfadenon je multe pli altaj indicoj. El la fino de la 18a jarcento antaŭen, la brita urbo [[Manĉestero]] akiris la kromnomon ''"[[Cottonopolis]]"'' pro la ĉieesto de la kotona industrio ene de la urbo, kaj pro la rolo de Manĉestero kiel koro de la tutmonda kotonkomerco.
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ProductionProduktokapablo capacityen inBritio Britainkaj anden theUsono Unitedestis Statesplibonigita waspro improvedla byinvento thede invention of thela [[cotton gin]] by the American [[Eli Whitney]] in 1793. Before the development of cotton gins, the cotton fibers had to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand. By the late 1700s a number of crude ginning machines had been developed. However, to produce a bale of cotton required over 600 hours of human labor,<ref name=r1>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hughs | first1 = S. E. | last2 =Valco | first2 = T. D. | first3=J. R. | last3 = Williford | year = 2008 | title = 100 Years of Cotton Production, Harvesting, and Ginning Systems | journal = Transactions of the ASABE | volume =51 | issue = 4 | pages = 1187–98 | publisher = | jstor = | doi =10.13031/2013.25234 | url = http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/23069 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref> making large-scale production uneconomical in the United States, even with the use of humans as slave labor. The gin that Whitney manufactured (the Holmes design) reduced the hours down to just a dozen or so per bale. Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from [[Henry Odgen Holmes]], for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796.<ref name=r1/> Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers were (at first) purchased from [[British Empire|colonial]] [[plantations]], processed into cotton cloth in the mills of [[Lancashire]], and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in [[British West Africa|West Africa]], [[British Raj|India]], and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).
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By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive. This, coupled with the emergence of American cotton as a superior type (due to the longer, stronger fibers of the two domesticated native American species, ''[[Gossypium hirsutum]]'' and ''[[Gossypium barbadense]]''), encouraged British traders to purchase cotton from [[Plantations in the American South|plantations in the United States]] and [[plantations]] in the [[Caribbean]]. By the mid-19th century, "[[King Cotton]]" had become the backbone of the [[antebellum South|southern American]] economy. In the United States, cultivating and harvesting cotton became the leading occupation of [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]].
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