Federaciaj feriaj tagoj de Usono: Malsamoj inter versioj
| [nekontrolita versio] | [nekontrolita versio] |
Enhavo forigita Enhavo aldonita
Haruo (diskuto | kontribuoj) Nova paĝo kun ''''Feriaj tagoj de Usono''' estas tagoj de la jaro dum kiuj laŭleĝe la oficistoj kaj dungitoj de federaciaj registaraj instancoj ne laboras, kaj en kiuj la registaraj oficejoj...' |
Haruo (diskuto | kontribuoj) Neniu resumo de redakto |
||
Linio 1:
'''Feriaj tagoj de Usono''' estas tagoj de la jaro dum kiuj laŭleĝe la oficistoj kaj dungitoj de [[Usona registaro|federaciaj registaraj instancoj]] ne laboras, kaj en kiuj la registaraj oficejoj ne malfermiĝas. Dek unu tagoj tiaj nun ekzistas, el kiuj dekopo (ĉiuj escepte de Inaŭgura Tago) estas vaste rekonataj ankaŭ ekster la federacia registaro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/fedhol/2010.asp |title=2010 Federal Holidays |publisher=Opm.gov |date= |accessdate=February 5, 2013}} {{en}}</ref> Se feria tago okazas semajnfine (en sabato aŭ dimanĉo) oni kutime ferias en la plej proksima labortago (t.e. vendredo aŭ lundo) kompense. La diversaj ŝtatoj kaj lokaj registaroj (kantonoj, urboj/municipoj ktp) ofte havas proprajn feriajn tagojn, kaj ekzistas ankaŭ vaste festataj tagoj, kiuj tamen ne estas laŭleĝaj ferioj, ekzemple la [[Sankt-Valentena tago]] en la [[14-a de februaro]], kaj ankaŭ federacie leĝigitaj festotagoj, kiuj ne estas ferioj,, kiel ekzemple la [[Tago de la Flago (Usono)|Flago-tago]] en la [[14-a de junio]]<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code#Parts Usona statuto pri Flag Day] {{en}}</ref>.
== Listo de federaciaj festotagoj ==
Linio 7:
! Dato !! Oficiala nomo / Esperantigo !! Procentaĵo de usonanoj, kiuj ferias tiutage !! Kromnotoj
|-
| 1-a de januaro (Fikse)|| nowrap |
|-
| Third Monday in January || [[Martin Luther King, Jr. Day|Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 26%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/making-king-holiday|title=Making of the King holiday}} {{en}}</ref>
|| Honors [[Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.]], [[Civil Rights]] leader, who was actually born on January 15, 1929; combined with other holidays in several states. Some cities and municipalities hold parades; and more recently, the 1994 King Holiday and Service Act, which was passed to encourage Americans to transform the King Holiday into a day of citizen action volunteer service, has gained in popularity (sometimes referred to as a National Day of Service).
|-
| January 20 || [[United States presidential inauguration|Inauguration Day]] || N/A || Celebrates the [[United States presidential inauguration]], every 4 years. While this is a federal holiday, this is not a "public holiday". Only Washington, D.C.. observes this day besides the federal government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hr.commerce.gov/Employees/Leave/DEV01_005944|title=US Department of Commerce: Federal, state, and local holidays}} {{en}}</ref>
|-
| Third Monday in February (Presidents' Day) || [[Washington's Birthday]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 52%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ir.hhgregg.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=896153|title=hhgregg Celebrates President's Day with Deals Inspired by America's First Ladies
}} {{en}}</ref>|| Washington's Birthday was first declared a federal holiday by an 1879 act of Congress. The [[Uniform Monday Holiday Act|Uniform Holidays Act, 1968]], shifted the date of the commemoration of [[Washington's Birthday]] from February 22 to the third Monday in February (between February 15 and 21, meaning the observed holiday never falls on Washington's actual birthday). Because of this, combined with the fact that President [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]'s birthday falls on February 12, many people now refer to this holiday as "Presidents' Day" and consider it a day honoring all American presidents. However, neither the Uniform Holidays Act nor any subsequent law changed the name of the holiday from [[Washington's Birthday]] to Presidents' Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode05/usc_sec_05_00006103----000-.html |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=.law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref>
|-
| Last Monday in May || [[Memorial Day]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 21%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/2866/americans-forgotten-memorial-days-purpose.aspx|title=Memorial Day}} {{en}}</ref>|| Honors the nation's war dead from the Civil War onwards; marks the unofficial beginning of the summer season. (traditionally May 30, shifted by the Uniform Holidays Act 1968)
|-
| July 4 (Fixed)|| [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref>|| 79%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infowars.com/independence-day-79-percent-of-americans-are-completely-okay-with-the-current-level-of-tyranny/|title=Independence day}} {{en}}</ref> || Celebrates the signing of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] from British rule, also called the Fourth of July. Fireworks celebration are held in many cities throughout the nation.
|-
| First Monday in September || [[Labor Day]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.e du |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref>||53%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailycaller.com/2014/08/31/five-things-labor-unions-do-to-celebrate-labor-day/|title=Five Things Labor Unions Do To Celebrate Labor Day}} {{en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailycaller.com/2014/08/31/five-things-labor-unions-do-to-celebrate-labor-day/#ixzz3hFgrV8l2|title=Labor Day}} {{en}}</ref> || Celebrates the achievements of workers and the labor movement; marks the unofficial end of the summer season.
|-
| Second Monday in October || [[Columbus Day]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 8%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/holidays/october_2014/should_we_still_celebrate_columbus_day|title=Should We Still Celebrate Columbus Day?}} {{en}}</ref>
|| Honors [[Christopher Columbus]], traditional discoverer of the [[Americas]]. In some areas it is also a celebration of Indigenous Peoples, or [[Italy|Italian]] culture and heritage. (traditionally October 12)
|-
| November 11 (Fixed)|| [[Veterans Day]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 43% <ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/holidays/november_2014/43_will_do_something_special_to_observe_veterans_day|title=43 percent will do something special to honor Veterans Day}} {{en}}</ref> || Honors all veterans of the [[United States armed forces]]. It is observed on November 11 to recall the end of World War I on that date in 1918 (major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 when the [[Armistice with Germany]] went into effect).
|-
| Fourth Thursday in November|| [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 87%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newspolls.org/articles/19586|title=13 percent Americans don't plan to celebrate Thanksgiving.}} {{en}}</ref> || Traditionally celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn harvest. Traditionally includes the sharing of a [[Turkey meat|turkey]] [[dinner]].
|-
| December 25 (Fixed)|| [[Christmas in the post-war United States|Christmas]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103 |title=5 U.S. Code § 6103 - Holidays | LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=2014-03-03}} {{en}}</ref> || 90%–95%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/blog/watercooler/2013/dec/23/what-christmas-wars-90-percent-all-americans-celeb/|title=Ever popular: 90 percent of all Americans celebrate Christmas}} {{en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/145367/christmas-strongly-religious-half-celebrate.aspx|title=Christmas Strongly Religious for Half in U.S. Who Celebrate It|publisher=Gallup, Inc.}} {{en}}</ref> || The most widely celebrated holiday of the Christian year, Christmas is observed as a commemoration of the birth of [[Jesus|Jesus of Nazareth]].
|}
[[New Year's Day]], [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]], [[Veterans Day]], and [[Christmas|Christmas Day]] are observed on the same calendar date each year. Holidays that fall on a Saturday are observed by federal employees who work a standard Monday to Friday week on the previous Friday. Federal employees who work on Saturday will observe the holiday on Saturday; Friday will be a regular work day. Holidays that fall on a Sunday are observed by federal workers the following Monday. The other holidays always fall on a particular day of the week.<ref>[http://www.opm.gov/fedhol/ Federal Holidays Calendars] from the U.S. [[Office of Personnel Management]]. {{en}}</ref>
Although many states recognize most or all federal holidays as state holidays, Federal law cannot compel them to do so. Furthermore, states can recognize other days as state holidays. As an example, the State of Texas recognizes all federal holidays except Columbus Day, and in addition recognizes the Friday after Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve, and the day after Christmas as state holidays.<ref>https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/holidays.html {{en}}</ref> Furthermore, Texas does not follow the federal rule of closing either the Friday before if a holiday falls on a Saturday, or the Monday after if a holiday falls on a Sunday (offices are open on those Fridays or Mondays), but does have "partial staffing holidays" (such as March 2, which is Texas Independence Day) and "optional holidays" (such as Good Friday).<ref>https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/holidays.html {{en}}</ref>
Private employers also cannot be required to observe federal or state holidays, the key exception being federally chartered banks. Some private employers, often by a union contract, pay a differential such as [[time-and-a-half]] or double-time to employees who work on some federal holidays. However, most non-unionized private sector employees only receive their standard pay for working on a federal holiday if it is not a designated holiday at their company.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
Linio 49:
| Third Monday of August || [[Victory Day (United States)|Victory Day]] || Celebrates the U.S. victory against Japan in the conclusion of [[World War II]]. Was in place 1948 to 1975.
|}
Over the course of U.S. history, federal holidays were created and then abolished over time as their significance waned. Two holidays, [[The Eighth (United States)|the Eighth]] and [[Victory Day (United States)|Victory Day]], were once celebrated. Between 1828 and 1861, "The Eighth" was a holiday that marked the U.S. victory in the [[Battle of New Orleans]] on January 8, 1815, with Tennessee's [[Andrew Jackson]] leading a successful battle against regular British soldiers and freed slaves. Following Jackson's election as President, the day earned official national recognition. The Eighth continued as an official national holiday from 1828 until the advent of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref>"The War of 1812", Northeast Regional Office, National Park Service, Eastern National (2013), p. 147</ref> Victory Day marked the "Victory over Japan" and remained a national holiday until 1975. While both holidays remain largely forgotten by the American public, the U.S. state of [[Rhode Island]] still officially observes Victory Day, with public offices and schools being closed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aei-ideas.org/2011/08/where-they-still-celebrate-the-victory-over-japan/|title=Where they still celebrate Victory over Japan}}</ref>▼
== Eksaj feriaj tagoj de Usono ==
▲Over the course of U.S. history, federal holidays were created and then abolished over time as their significance waned. Two holidays, [[The Eighth (United States)|the Eighth]] and [[Victory Day (United States)|Victory Day]], were once celebrated. Between 1828 and 1861, "The Eighth" was a holiday that marked the U.S. victory in the [[Battle of New Orleans]] on January 8, 1815, with Tennessee's [[Andrew Jackson]] leading a successful battle against regular British soldiers and freed slaves. Following Jackson's election as President, the day earned official national recognition. The Eighth continued as an official national holiday from 1828 until the advent of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref>"The War of 1812", Northeast Regional Office, National Park Service, Eastern National (2013), p. 147 {{en}}</ref> Victory Day marked the "Victory over Japan" and remained a national holiday until 1975. While both holidays remain largely forgotten by the American public, the U.S. state of [[Rhode Island]] still officially observes Victory Day, with public offices and schools being closed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aei-ideas.org/2011/08/where-they-still-celebrate-the-victory-over-japan/|title=Where they still celebrate Victory over Japan}} {{en}}</ref>
| |||