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[[File:Francisco Ferrer Guardia.jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia]], [[katalunoj|kataluna]] anarkiisma pedagogo kaj [[Libera penso|liberpensulo]] mortpafita pro siaj ideoj.]]
Por la angla anarkiisto [[William Godwin]] edukado estis "la ĉefa rimedo per kiu oni povas atingi ŝanĝon."<ref name="GroupedRef1">{{cite web|url=http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-good.htm|title=infed.org - William Godwin on education|work=infed.org}}</ref> Godwin vidis ke la ĉefa celo de edukado estu la atingo de feliĉo.<ref name="GroupedRef1" /> Por Godwin edukado devus havi "respekton por la infana aŭtonomeco kio formetas ajnan formon de bridado," "pedagogion kiu respektu tion kaj serĉu konstrui la propran motivadon kaj iniciatojn de la infano," kaj "koncernon pri la infana kapablo rezisti ideologion transmititan tra la lernejo."<ref name="GroupedRef1" /> En sia verko ''Enquiry Concerning Political Justice'' li kritikas la ŝtatpatronitan lernejosistemon "pro la konto de ties evidenta alianco kun la nacia registaro".<ref name="Enquiry Concerning Political Justice">{{Cite book |chapterurl=http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/godwin/pj6.htm |at=Book 4: Of Opinion Considered as a Subject of Political Institution |chapter=1: General Effects of the Political Superintendence of Opinion |title=Enquiry Concerning Political Justice |first=William |last=Godwin |edition=1st |id={{OCLC|680251053|642217608|504755839}} |publisher=G.G.J. kaj J. Robinson |location=London, England |year=1793 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> Pionira usona anarkiisto [[Josiah Warren]] antaŭenigis alternativajn edukespertojn en la liberecanaj komunumojn kiujn li establis.<ref>"Where utopian projectors starting with Plato entertained the idea of creating an ideal species through eugenics and education and a set of universally valid institutions inculcating shared identities, Warren wanted to dissolve such identities in a solution of individual self-sovereignty. His educational experiments, for example, possibly under the influence of the Swiss educational theorist Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (via [[Robert Owen|Owen]]), emphasized – as we would expect – the nurturing of the independence and the conscience of individual children, not the inculcation of pre-conceived values.[http://www.crispinsartwell.com/warrenintrocurrent.htm "Introduction of The Practical Anarchist: Writings of Josiah Warren" de Crispin Sartwell]</ref> [[Max Stirner]] verkis en 1842 longan eseon pri edukado nome ''The False Principle of our Education''. En ĝi Stirner nomigas sian edukan principon "personalisma" klarigante ke memkompreno konsistas en ĉiuhore mem-kreado. Edukado por li estas krei "liberajn homojn, suverenajn karakterojn" laŭ kio li celas "eternajn karakterojn ... kiuj estas tiele eternalaj ĉar ili formiĝas ĉiumomente".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/falseprinciple.html |title=The False Principle of our Education|last=Stirner |first=Max|publisher=Tmh.floonet.net |date= |accessdate=20a de Septembro 2010}}{{dead link|date=July 2016}}</ref>
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En Usono "freethought was a basically [[Anti-Christianity|anti-christian]], [[anti-clerical]] movement, whose purpose was to make the individual politically and spiritually free to decide for himself on religious matters. A number of contributors to ''[[Liberty (1881–1908)|Liberty]]'' (anarchist publication) were prominent figures in both freethought and anarchism. The individualist anarchist George MacDonald was a co-editor of ''Freethought'' and, for a time, ''The Truth Seeker''. E.C. Walker was co-editor of the excellent free-thought / free love journal ''[[Lucifer, the Light-Bearer]]''".<ref name="mises.org"/> "Many of the anarchists were ardent freethinkers; reprints from freethought papers such as ''[[Lucifer, the Light-Bearer]]'', ''Freethought'' and ''The Truth Seeker'' appeared in ''[[Liberty (1881–1908)|Liberty]]''... The church was viewed as a common ally of the state and as a repressive force in and of itself".<ref name="mises.org"/>▼
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In 1901, Catalan anarchist and [[Freethought|free-thinker]] [[Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia]] established "modern" or [[Progressive education|progressive schools]] in [[Barcelona]] in defiance of an educational system controlled by the Catholic Church.<ref name="Fidler">{{cite journal |author=Geoffrey C. Fidler |date=Spring–Summer 1985 |title=The Escuela Moderna Movement of Francisco Ferrer: "Por la Verdad y la Justicia" |journal=History of Education Quarterly |volume=25 |issue=1/2 |pages=103–132 |doi=10.2307/368893 |jstor=368893 |publisher=History of Education Society |ref=harv}}</ref> The schools' stated goal was to "[[Popular education|educate the working class]] in a rational, secular and non-coercive setting". Fiercely anti-clerical, Ferrer believed in "freedom in education", education free from the authority of church and state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/spain/ferrer.html |title=Francisco Ferrer's Modern School |publisher=Flag.blackened.net |date= |accessdate=20 September 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807032003/http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/spain/ferrer.html| archivedate= 7 August 2010<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref> [[Murray Bookchin]] wrote: "This period [1890s] was the heyday of libertarian schools and pedagogical projects in all areas of the country where Anarchists exercised some degree of influence. Perhaps the best-known effort in this field was Francisco Ferrer's Modern School (Escuela Moderna), a project which exercised a considerable influence on Catalan education and on experimental techniques of teaching generally."<ref>Chapter 7, ''[[anarcho-syndicalism|Anarchosyndicalism]], The New Ferment''. In Murray Bookchin, ''The Spanish anarchists: the heroic years, 1868–1936''. AK Press, 1998, p. 115. ISBN 1-873176-04-X</ref> La Escuela Moderna, and Ferrer's ideas generally, formed the inspiration for a series of ''[[Modern School (United States)|Modern Schools]]'' in the United States,<ref name="Fidler"/> [[Cuba]], South America and London. The first of these was started in New York City in 1911. It also inspired the Italian newspaper ''[[Università popolare (Italian newspaper)|Università popolare]]'', founded in 1901. Russian [[christian anarchist]] [[Leo Tolstoy]] established a school for peasant children on his estate.<ref name="GroupedRef2">{{cite web|url=http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Matt_Hern__The_Emergence_of_Compulsory_Schooling_and_Anarchist_Resistance.html |title=The Emergence of Compulsory Schooling and Anarchist Resistance |publisher=Theanarchistlibrary.org |date=2010-09-21 |accessdate=2015-03-16}}</ref> Tolstoy's educational experiments were short-lived due to harassment by the Tsarist secret police.<ref>{{cite book | last = Wilson | first = A.N. | title = Tolstoy | publisher = Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc. | year = 2001 | page = xxi | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=imYmH8myBUsC&pg=PR19 | isbn = 0-393-32122-3 }}</ref> Tolstoy established a conceptual difference between education and culture.<ref name="GroupedRef2" /> He thought that "Education is the tendency of one man to make another just like himself ... Education is culture under restraint, culture is free. [Education is] when the teaching is forced upon the pupil, and when then instruction is exclusive, that is when only those subjects are taught which the educator regards as necessary".<ref name="GroupedRef2" /> For him "without compulsion, education was transformed into culture".<ref name="GroupedRef2" />▼
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A more recent libertarian tradition on education is that of [[unschooling]] and the [[anarchist free school|free school]] in which child-led activity replaces pedagogic approaches. Experiments in Germany led to [[A. S. Neill]] founding what became [[Summerhill School]] in 1921.<ref>{{cite book | last = Purkis | first = Jon | title = Changing Anarchism | publisher = Manchester University Press | location = Manchester | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-7190-6694-8 }}</ref> Summerhill is often cited as an example of anarchism in practice.<ref>British anarchists [[Stuart Christie]] and [[Albert Meltzer]] manifested that "A.S. Neill is the modern pioneer of libertarian education and of "hearts not heads in the school". Though he has denied being an anarchist, it would be hard to know how else to describe his philosophy, though he is correct in recognising the difference between revolution in philosophy and pedagogy, and the revolutionary change of society. They are associated but not the same thing." [[Stuart Christie]] and [[Albert Meltzer]]. [http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/stuart-christie-albert-meltzer-the-floodgates-of-anarchy ''The Floodgates of Anarchy'']</ref><ref>Andrew Vincent (2010) ''Modern Political Ideologies'', 3rd edition, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell p. 129</ref> However, although Summerhill and other free schools are radically libertarian, they differ in principle from those of Ferrer by not advocating an overtly political [[class struggle]]-approach.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Judith |last=Suissa |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/1288/anarchy-in-the-classroom|title= Anarchy in the classroom |journal=[[The New Humanist]] |volume=120 |issue=5 |date=September–October 2005 |ref=harv}}</ref>
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