Aŭstralio: Malsamoj inter versioj

[[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A koala holding onto a eucalyptus tree with its head turned so both eyes are visible|La [[koalo]] kaj la arbospecioj de la genroj ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' formas tipan aŭstralian paron.]]

Kvankam plej el Aŭstralio estas duon-arida aŭ dezerta, ĝi inkludas diversan gamon de habitatoj el [[Alpa klimato|alpaj]] arbustaroj al tropikaj [[pluvarbaro]]j, kaj estas agnoskita kiel [[Megadiversaj landoj|megadiversa lando]]. [[Fungo]]j tipigas tiun diversecon; ĉirkaŭ 250,000 specioj — el kiuj nur 5% estis priskribitaj — ekzistas en Aŭstralio.<ref>Pascoe, I.G. (1991). History of systematic mycology in Australia. ''History of Systematic Botany in Australasia.'' Eld. de: P. Short. Australian Systematic Botany Society Inc. pp. 259–264.</ref> Pro la granda antikveco de la kontinento, la tre varieblaj vetermodeloj, kaj la longdaŭra geografia izoleco, multo el la [[bioto]]j de Aŭstralio estas unika. Ĉirakŭ 85% el la florplantoj, 84% el mamuloj, pli ol 45% el la birdoj, kaj 89% el la ĉebordaj fiŝoj de moderklimata zono estas [[endemio|endemiaj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/about-biodiversity.html|title=About Biodiversity|accessdate=18a de Septembro 2007|publisher=Department of the Environment and Heritage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205015628/www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/about-biodiversity.html|archivedate=5a de Februaro 2007}}</ref> Aŭstralio havas la plej granda nombro de reptilioj de ajna lando, kun 755 specioj.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lambertini|first=Marco|title=A Naturalist's Guide to the Tropics|year=2000|isbn=0-226-46828-3|publisher=University of Chicago Press|url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/468283.html|format=excerpt|accessdate=30a de Marto 2010}}</ref>

| last1 = Savolainen | first1 = P.

| last2 = Leitner | first2 = T.

| pmid = 15299143

| pmc =514485

Many of Australia's ecoregions, and the species within those regions, are threatened by human activities and [[Invasive species in Australia|introduced]] animal, [[chromista]]n, fungal and plant species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/index.html |title=Invasive species |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |date=17 March 2010 |accessdate=14 June 2010| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629001302/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/index.html| archivedate= 29 June 2010 | deadurl=no}}</ref> All these factors have led to Australia having the highest mammal extinction rate of any country in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2012/10/australias-most-endangered-species|title=Australia's most endangered species|publisher=Australian Geographic|accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref> The federal ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' is the legal framework for the protection of threatened species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/about/index.html |title=About the EPBC Act |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |accessdate=14 June 2010| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531084042/http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/about/index.html| archivedate= 31 May 2010 | deadurl=no}}</ref> Numerous [[Protected areas of Australia|protected areas]] have been created under the [[Biodiversity action plan|National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity]] to protect and preserve unique ecosystems;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/strategy/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312021249/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/strategy/index.html|archivedate=12 March 2011|title=National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts

|date=21 January 2010 |accessdate=14 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/strategy/chap1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313222100/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/strategy/chap1.html |archivedate=13 March 2011 |title=Conservation of biological diversity across Australia |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts|date=19 January 2009 |accessdate=14 June 2010}}</ref> 65 [[wetland]]s are [[List of Ramsar sites in Australia|listed]] under the [[Ramsar Convention]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/document/the-list-of-wetlands-of-international-importance-the-ramsar-list |title=The List of Wetlands of International Importance |publisher=[[Ramsar Convention]] |pages=6–7 |date=22 May 2010 |accessdate=14 June 2010}}</ref> and 16 natural [[World Heritage Site]]s have been established.<ref name="WHC">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/au|title=Australia|work=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=5 September 2009}}</ref> Australia was ranked 3rd out of 178 countries in the world on the 2014 [[Environmental Performance Index]].<ref name="EPI">{{cite web|url=http://epi.yale.edu/epi/country-rankings|title=2014 Environmental Performance Index|publisher=[[Yale University]]|accessdate=11 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704103128/http://epi.yale.edu/epi/country-rankings <!-- Added by Forward Unto Dawn -->|archivedate=4 July 2014}}</ref>

 

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