Al-Mu'tasim: Malsamoj inter versioj

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Nova paĝo kun ' '''Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd''' ({{lang-ar|أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد}}; Oktobro 796 – 5a de Januaro 842), pli bone konata l...'
 
Etikedo: Iksokodo
Linio 11:
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* {{cite book | title = Light from the East: How the Science of Medieval Islam Helped to Shape the Western World | last = Freely | first = John | authorlink = John Freely | year = 2015 | publisher = I.B. Tauris | location = London & New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JNQZCAAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-1-78453-138-6 | ref=harv}}
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* {{cite book | chapter = Egypt as a province in the Islamic caliphate, 641–868 | last = Kennedy | first = Hugh | authorlink = Hugh N. Kennedy | title = Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | editor-last = Petry | editor-first = Carl F. | location = Cambridge | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-521-47137-0 | pages = 62–85 | chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false | ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | title = The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State | first = Hugh N. | last = Kennedy | authorlink=Hugh N. Kennedy | publisher = Routledge | location = London and New York | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-415-25093-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UIspERtZEHIC|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | title=The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century | edition = Second | last=Kennedy| first=Hugh N. | authorlink=Hugh N. Kennedy | year=2004a | publisher=Pearson Education Ltd. | location=Harlow, UK |isbn=0-582-40525-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Wux0lWbxs1kC|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal | title = The Decline and Fall of the First Muslim Empire | first = Hugh N. | last = Kennedy | authorlink=Hugh N. Kennedy | pages = 3–30 | journal = Der Islam | volume = 81 | year = 2004b | issn = 0021-1818 | ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs | year = 1975 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | editor-last = Frye | editor-first = R. N. | last = Madelung | first = W. | authorlink = Wilferd Madelung | chapter = The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran | pages = 198–249 | isbn = 978-0-521-20093-6 | chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs | year = 1975 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | editor-last = Frye | editor-first = R. N. | last = Mottahedeh | first = Roy | authorlink = Roy Mottahedeh | chapter = The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran | pages = 57–90 | isbn = 978-0-521-20093-6 | chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last=Treadgold | first=Warren T. | authorlink=Warren Treadgold | title=The Byzantine Revival, 780–842 | location=Stanford | publisher=Stanford University Press | year=1988 | isbn=0-8047-1462-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TysAAAAIAAJ | ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last=Vasiliev | first=A. A. | authorlink=Alexander Vasiliev (historian) | others=French ed.: [[Henri Grégoire (historian)|Henri Grégoire]], [[Marius Canard]] | title=Byzance et les Arabes, Tome I: La Dynastie d'Amorium (820–867) | year=1935 | location=Brussels | publisher=Éditions de l'Institut de Philologie et d'Histoire Orientales | language=French | pages=195–198 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jlTPAAAAMAAJ | ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = al-Muʿtaṣim bi ’llāh, Abū Isḥāḳ Muḥammad | last=Zetterstéen | first=K.V. | authorlink = Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen | encyclopedia = E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VI: Morocco–Ruzzik | editor-first = Martijn Theodoor | editor-last = Houtsma | publisher = BRILL | location = Leiden | year = 1987 | isbn = 90-04-08265-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC&pg=PA785#v=onepage&q&f=false | page = 785 | ref=harv}}
 
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