Antikva Kartago: Malsamoj inter versioj

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Nova paĝo kun ''''Kartago''' (<!--{{lang-xpu|𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕}}-->''{{lang|phn-Latn|Qart-ḥadašt}}'' "nova urbo")<ref name="Mulligan2015">{{cite book|author= Brett Mulligan |titl...'
 
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Linio 1:
[[Dosiero:CarthageMap.png|eta|dekstre|300px|Kartago kaj ties dependaĵoj en 264 a.K.]]
'''Kartago''' (<!--{{lang-xpu|𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕}}-->''{{lang|phn-Latn|Qart-ḥadašt}}'' "nova urbo")<ref name="Mulligan2015">{{cite book|author= Brett Mulligan |title= Cornelius Nepos, Life of Hannibal: Latin Texts, Notes, Maps, Illustrations and Vocabulary |url= http://dcc.dickinson.edu/nepos-hannibal/carthage-early-history |accessdate=31a de Januaro 2016|year= 2015|publisher= Cambridge: Open Book Publishers |quote= Archaeological evidence confirms that Phoenician traders from Tyre founded the city of Qart-Ḥadašt—or "New City," as Carthage was known in its native language—in the second half of the ninth century BC.}}</ref> estis la [[Fenicio|Fenicia]] [[urboŝtato]] de [[Kartago]] kaj dum la 7a al la 3a jarcentoj a.K., inkludis en ties influsferon la teritoriojn de la '''Kartaga Imperio'''. Tiu imperio etendis super multo de la marbordo de [[Nordafriko]] same kiel enhavis grandajn partojn de marborda [[Kartaga Iberio|Iberio]] kaj la insulojn de okcidenta [[Mediteranea Maro]].<ref name="Markoe2000">{{cite book|author= Glenn Markoe|title= Phoenicians|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=smPZ-ou74EwC|accessdate= 11a de Februaro 2013|year= 2000|publisher= University of California Press|isbn= 978-0-520-22614-2|page= 55}}</ref>
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Carthage was founded in 814 BC.<ref name="Moscati200148">{{cite book|author= Sabatino Moscati|editor= Sabatino Moscati|title= The Phoenicians|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1EEtmT9Tbj4C|accessdate= 12 February 2013|date= 12 January 2001|publisher= I.B.Tauris|isbn= 978-1-85043-533-4|page= 48|chapter=Colonization of the Mediterranean}}</ref><ref name=Aubet2008>{{cite web|title= Political and Economic Implications of the New Phoenician Chronologies|url= http://www.upf.edu/larq/_pdf/AubtCrono.pdf|publisher= Universidad Pompeu Fabra|accessdate= 24 February 2013|author= Maria Eugenia Aubet|page= 179|year= 2008|quote= The recent radiocarbon dates from the earliest levels in Carthage situate the founding of this Tyrian colony in the years 835–800 cal BC, which coincides with the dates handed down by Flavius Josephus and Timeus for the founding of the city.}}</ref> A dependency of the Phoenician state of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] at the time, Carthage gained independence around 650 BC and established its political hegemony over other Phoenician settlements throughout the western [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], this lasting until the end of the 3rd century BC. At the height of the city's prominence it served as a major hub of trade, with trading stations extending throughout the region.
 
CarthageKartago wasestis foundedfondita inen 814 BCa.K.<ref name="Moscati200148">{{cite book|author= Sabatino Moscati|editor= Sabatino Moscati|title= The Phoenicians|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1EEtmT9Tbj4C|accessdate= 1212a Februaryde Februaro 2013|date= 1212a de JanuaryJanuaro 2001|publisher= I.B.Tauris|isbn= 978-1-85043-533-4|page= 48|chapter=Colonization of the Mediterranean}}</ref><ref name=Aubet2008>{{cite web|title= Political and Economic Implications of the New Phoenician Chronologies|url= http://www.upf.edu/larq/_pdf/AubtCrono.pdf|publisher= Universidad Pompeu Fabra|accessdate= 2424a Februaryde Februaro 2013|author= Maria Eugenia Aubet|page= 179|year= 2008|quote= The recent radiocarbon dates from the earliest levels in Carthage situate the founding of this Tyrian colony in the years 835–800 cal BC, which coincides with the dates handed down by Flavius Josephus and Timeus for the founding of the city.}}</ref> ADependaĵo dependencyde ofla thefenicia Phoenicianŝtato state ofde [[Tyre,Tiro Lebanon(urbo)|TyreTiro]] at the timedekomence, CarthageKartago gainedakiris independencesendependon aroundĉikaŭ 650 BCa.K. andkaj establishedestablis itssian politicalpolitikan hegemonyhegemonion oversuper otheraliaj Phoenicianfeniciaj settlementssetlejoj throughouttra thela okcidento westernde la [[MediterraneanMediteranea SeaMaro|MediterraneanMediteraneo]], thiskio lastingdaŭris untilĝis thela endfino ofde thela 3rd3a centuryjarcento BCa.K. AtJe thela heightpinto ofde thesia city'shegemonio prominencela iturbo servediĝis asĉefa akerno majorde hubkomerco, ofkaj trade,ties withkomercejoj tradingetendis stationstra extendingla throughout thetuta regionregiono.
For much of its history, Carthage was on hostile terms with the [[Magna Graecia|Greeks in Sicily]] and with the [[Roman Republic]], leading to a series of armed conflicts known as the [[Sicilian Wars|Greek-Punic Wars]] ({{c.|600}}–265 BC) and the [[Punic Wars]] (264–146 BC) respectively. The city also had to deal with potentially hostile [[Berbers]], the indigenous inhabitants of the area where Carthage was built.<ref name="Iliffe2007">{{cite book|author= John Iliffe|title= Africans: The History of a Continent|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bNGN2URP_rUC|accessdate= 25 February 2013|date= 13 August 2007|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 978-1-139-46424-6|page= 31}}</ref> In 146 BC, after the [[Third Punic War|third and final Punic War]], Roman forces destroyed, redesigned, and then occupied Carthage.<ref name="Scullard2010">{{cite book|author= H.H. Scullard|title= From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vMzvAXjq1uEC|accessdate= 12 February 2013|date= 1 September 2010|publisher= Taylor & Francis|isbn =978-0-415-58488-3|page=4
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For much of its history, CarthageKartago was on hostile terms with the [[Magna Graecia|Greeks in Sicily]] and with the [[Roman Republic]], leading to a series of armed conflicts known as the [[Sicilian Wars|Greek-Punic Wars]] ({{c.|600}}–265 BC) and the [[Punic Wars]] (264–146 BC) respectively. The city also had to deal with potentially hostile [[Berbers]], the indigenous inhabitants of the area where Carthage was built.<ref name="Iliffe2007">{{cite book|author= John Iliffe|title= Africans: The History of a Continent|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bNGN2URP_rUC|accessdate= 25 February 2013|date= 13 August 2007|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 978-1-139-46424-6|page= 31}}</ref> In 146 BC, after the [[Third Punic War|third and final Punic War]], Roman forces destroyed, redesigned, and then occupied Carthage.<ref name="Scullard2010">{{cite book|author= H.H. Scullard|title= From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vMzvAXjq1uEC|accessdate= 12 February 2013|date= 1 September 2010|publisher= Taylor & Francis|isbn =978-0-415-58488-3|page=4
}}</ref> Nearly all of the other Phoenician city-states and former Carthaginian dependencies subsequently fell into Roman hands.