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La sindromo de sistemika inflamrespondo kondukas al ampleksa aktivigo de la vojoj de [[inflamo|inflamado]] kaj [[sangkoaguliĝo|koaguliĝo]]. Tiu situacio povas evolui al malfunkcio de la [[cirkula sistemo]] kaj, eĉ post la plej optimigita terapio, al [[sindromo de multobla organo-malfunkciado]] kaj finfine [[morto]].
==Vidu ankaŭ==
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* [[Antisepso]]
Sepsis is more common and also more dangerous in elderly, immunocompromised, and critically ill patients. It occurs in 2% of all hospitalizations and accounts for as much as 25% of [[intensive care medicine|intensive care unit]] (ICU) bed utilization. It is a major cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, with mortality rates that range from 20% for sepsis to 40% for severe sepsis to >60% for [[septic shock]]. In the [[United States]], sepsis is the leading cause of death in non-coronary ICU patients, and the tenth most common cause of death overall according to 2000 data from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Martin, ''et al.'', 2003).
A problem in the adequate management of septic patients has been the delay in administering the right treatment after sepsis has been recognized. A large international collaboration was established to educate people about sepsis and to improve patient outcomes with sepsis, entitled the "Surviving Sepsis Campaign." The Campaign has published an evidence-based review of management strategies for severe sepsis (Dellinger, ''et al.'', 2004), with the aim to publish a complete set of guidelines within 3 years.
==Treatment==
The therapy of sepsis rests on [[antibiotic]]s, surgical drainage of infected fluid collections, fluid replacement and appropriate support for organ dysfunction. This may include [[dialysis|hemodialysis]] in [[kidney]] failure, [[mechanical ventilation]] in [[lung|pulmonary]] dysfunction, transfusion of [[blood plasma]], [[platelets]] and coagulation factors to stabilize blood [[coagulation]], and drug and fluid therapy for circulatory failure. Ensuring adequate nutrition, if necessary by [[parenteral nutrition]], is important during prolonged illness.
Most therapies aimed at the inflammatory process itself have failed to improve outcome. However, [[drotrecogin]] (activated [[protein C]], one of the [[coagulation factor]]s) has been shown to decrease mortality from about 31% to about 25% in severe sepsis (Bernard, ''et al.'', 2001). Low dose [[cortisol]] treatment has shown promise for [[septic shock]] patients with relative [[adrenal insufficiency]].
==Related conditions==
* [[infection]] is an inflammatory response to a [[microorganism]], or the invasion of normally sterile host tissues by the organism.
* [[bacteraemia]] is the presence of [[bacterium|bacteria]] in the [[blood]]. Bacteraemia can occur in sepsis and other serious diseases such as infective [[endocarditis]], but it may also be a harmless and transient condition.
* [[diffuse intravascular coagulation]] (DIC)
* [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]]
* [[meningitis]], infection of the mesh that supports the brain, can be a complication of sepsis
* [[endocarditis]], infection of the inner layer of the heart, can also be a complication
==References==
* {{Journal reference issue | Author=Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, LaRosa SP, Dhainaut JF, Lopez-Rodriguez A, Steingrub JS, Garber GE, Helterbrand JD, Ely EW, Fisher CJ Jr; Recombinant human protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) study group | Title=Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis | Journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] | Volume=344 | Issue=10 | Year=2001 | Pages=699-709}} PMID 11236773
* {{Journal reference issue | Author=Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, Gea-Banacloche J, Keh D, Marshall JC, Parker MM, Ramsay G, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL, Levy MM; Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Guidelines Committee | Title=Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock | Journal=Critical Care Medicine | Volume=32 | Issue=3 | Year=2004 | Pages=858-73}} PMID 15090974
* {{Journal reference issue | Author=Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M | Title=The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000 | Journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] | Volume=348 | Issue=16 | Year=2003 | Pages=1546-54}} PMID 12700374
==External links==
* [http://www.survivingsepsis.org Surviving Sepsis Campaign]
* [http://www.sepsisforum.org International Sepsis Forum]
* [http://www.advancesinsepsis.com ''Advances in Sepsis'' journal]
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