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Linio 96:
En laboratoriaj studoj uzantaj bildojn, oni konstatis ke bovoj povas diskrimini inter bildojn de kapoj de bovoj kaj de kapoj de aliaj animalaj specioj.<ref name="Coulon2007">{{cite book |last1=Coulon |first1=M. |last2=Deputte |first2=B.L. |last3=Heyman |first3=Y. |last4=Delatouche |first4=L. |last5=Richard |first5=C. |last6=Baudoin |first6=C. |year=2007 |work=Social cognition and welfare in cattle: capacities of visual species discrimination |title=14 èmes Recontres autour des recherches sur les ruminants, Paris, les 5 et 6 Décembre 2007 |pages=297–300 |publisher=Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) |language=fr}}</ref> Ili kapablas ankaŭ distingi inter samfamiliaj kaj nesamfamiliaj samspecianoj. Krome, ili estas kapablas [[Kategoriigo|kategoriigi]] bildojn kiel samfamiliaj kaj nesamfamiliaj individuoj.<ref name="Coulon2011">{{cite journal |last1=Coulon |first1=M. |last2=Baudoin |first2=C. |last3=Heyman |first3=Y. |last4=Deputte |first4=B.L. |year=2011 |title=Cattle discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics by using only head visual cues |journal=Animal Cognition |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=279–290 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-010-0361-6#page-1 |doi=10.1007/s10071-010-0361-6}}</ref>
Miksitaj kun aliaj individuoj, [[Klonado|klonitaj]] bovoj el la sama doninto formas subgrupojn, indikante ke parenca diskriminacio okazas kaj tio povas esti bazo por grupigkonduto. Oni konstatis ankaŭ has also been shown using images of cattle that both artificially inseminated and cloned calves have similar cognitive capacities of kin and non-kin discrimination.<ref name="Coulon2010x">{{cite journal |last1=Coulon |first1=M. |last2=Baudoin |first2=C. |last3=Abdi |first3=H. |last4=Heyman |first4=Y. |last5=Deputte |first5=B.L. |year=2010 |title=Social behavior and kin discrimination in a mixed group of cloned and non cloned heifers (Bos taurus) |journal=Theriogenology |volume=74 |issue=9 |pages=1596–1603 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X10003493 |doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.06.031}}</ref>▼
▲Miksitaj kun aliaj individuoj, [[Klonado|klonitaj]] bovoj el la sama doninto formas subgrupojn, indikante ke parenca diskriminacio okazas kaj tio povas esti bazo por grupigkonduto. Oni konstatis ankaŭ
Cattle can recognize familiar individuals. Visual individual recognition is a more complex mental process than visual discrimination. It requires the recollection of the learned idiosyncratic identity of an individual that has been previously encountered and the formation of a mental representation.<ref name="Hagen2003">{{cite journal |author1=Hagen, K. |author2=Broom, D.M. |year=2003 |title=Cattle discriminate between individual familiar herd members in a learning experiment. |journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=13–28 |doi=10.1016/s0168-1591(03)00053-4}}</ref> By using 2-dimensional images of the heads of one cow (face, profiles, ¾ views), all the tested heifers showed individual recognition of familiar and unfamiliar individuals from their own breed. Furthermore, almost all the heifers recognized unknown individuals from different breeds, although this was achieved with greater difficulty. Individual recognition was most difficult when the visual features of the breed being tested were quite different from the breed in the image, for example, the breed being tested had no spots whereas the image was of a spotted breed.<ref name="Coulon2009">{{cite journal |last1=Coulon |first1=M. |last2=Deputte |first2=B.L. |last3=Heyman |first3=Y. |last4=Baudoin |first4=C. |year=2009 |title=Individual recognition in domestic cattle (Bos taurus): evidence from 2D-images of heads from different breeds |journal=PLOS One |volume=4 |issue= 2|pages=4441 |url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004441 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004441 |pmid=19212439 |pmc=2636880 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530163636/http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0004441 |archivedate=30 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>▼
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Cattle use [[Lateralization of brain function|visual/brain lateralisation]] in their visual scanning of novel and familiar stimuli.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phillips |first1=C.J.C. |last2=Oevermans |first2=H. |last3=Syrett |first3=K.L. |last4=Jespersen |first4=A.Y. |last5=Pearce |first5=G.P. |year=2015 |title=Lateralization of behavior in dairy cows in response to conspecifics and novel persons |journal=Journal of Dairy Science |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=2389–2400 |doi=10.3168/jds.2014-8648}}</ref> Domestic cattle prefer to view novel stimuli with the left eye, i.e. using the right brain hemisphere (similar to horses, Australian magpies, chicks, toads and fish) but use the right eye, i.e. using the left hemisphere, for viewing familiar stimuli.<ref name="Robins">{{cite journal |last1=Robins |first1=A. |last2=Phillips |first2=C. |year=2010 |title=Lateralised visual processing in domestic cattle herds responding to novel and familiar stimuli |journal=Laterality |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=514–534 |doi=10.1080/13576500903049324}}</ref>▼
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== Historio kaj disvastigo ==
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