Japanaj militkrimoj: Malsamoj inter versioj
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Kani (diskuto | kontribuoj) Nova paĝo kun ''''Militkrimoj''' de la Imperio de Japanio okazis en multaj Azi-Pacifikaj landoj dum la periodo de japana imperiismo, ĉefe dum la Dua Ĉina-Japana Milito kaj la Du...' |
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'''Militkrimoj''' de la [[Imperio de Japanio]] okazis en multaj Azi-Pacifikaj landoj dum la periodo de japana [[imperiismo]], ĉefe dum la [[Dua Ĉina-Japana Milito]] kaj la [[Dua Mondmilito]]. Tiuj okazaĵoj estis priskribita foje kiel Azia Holokaŭsto.<ref name="nyt-1999">{{cite news| first=Ralph |last=Blumenthal |title=The World: Revisiting World War II Atrocities; Comparing the Unspeakable to the Unthinkable |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E6DB153FF934A35750C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=7a de Marto, 1999 |accessdate=2008-07-26 }}</ref> Kelkaj [[militkrimo]]j estis fifaritaj de [[militistoj]] el la Imperio de Japanio fine de la 19a jarcento, kvankam plej okazis dum la unua parto de la ''[[Ŝoŭa-erao]]'', nomo havigita por la regado de la imperiestro [[Hirohito]], ĝis la [[Kapitulaco de Japanio|kapitulaco]] de la Imperio de Japanio en 1945.
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The war crimes involved the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] and the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] under Emperor Hirohito and were responsible for the deaths of millions. Historical estimates of the number of deaths ranges between 3<ref name=rummel>{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM |title=Rummell, ''Statistics'' |publisher=Hawaii.edu |accessdate=2013-07-21}}</ref> and 14<ref name=sterling>{{cite news|url=http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=9196|title=Sterling and Peggy Seagrave: Gold Warriors}}</ref> million civilians and prisoners of war through [[Nanking Massacre|massacre]], [[Unit 731|human experimentation]], [[Vietnamese Famine of 1945|starvation]], and [[Slavery in Japan#World War II|forced labor]] that was either directly perpetrated or condoned by the Japanese military and government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Japanese_War_Criminals_World_War_Two|title=Japanese War Criminals World War Two|publisher=The National Archives (U.K.)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/|title=Japanese War Crimes|publisher=The National Archives (U.S.)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~warcrime/PT.htm |title=Pacific Theater Document Archive |publisher=War Crimes Studies Center, University of California, Berkeley |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718103739/http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~warcrime/PT.htm |archivedate=July 18, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1420133.stm|author=Kafala, Tarik|title=What is a war crime?|publisher=BBC News|date=October 21, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~memory/research/bibliography/warcrimes.html|title=Bibliography: War Crimes|publisher=Sigur Center for Asian Studies, George Washington University}}</ref> Some Japanese soldiers have admitted to committing these crimes.<ref name="Tabuchi">{{Cite journal |journal=Washington Post |title=Japan's Abe: No Proof of WWII Sex Slaves |first=Hiroko |last=Tabuchi |publisher=The Associated Press |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/01/AR2007030100578.html |accessdate=March 1, 2007}}</ref> [[Airmen]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service]] and [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]] were not included as war criminals because there was no [[Positive international law|positive]] or specific [[international law|customary]] [[international humanitarian law]] that prohibited the unlawful conduct of [[aerial warfare]] either before or during World War II. The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service took part in conducting chemical and biological attacks on enemy nationals during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II and the use of such weapons in warfare were generally prohibited by international agreements signed by Japan, including the [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)]], which banned the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" in warfare.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1135368.stm |title='Japan bombed China with plague-fleas' |work=BBC News |date=January 25, 2001 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japanfocus.org/-Tsuneishi-Keiichi/2194 |title=Unit 731 and the Japanese Imperial Army's Biological Warfare Program |author=Tsuneishi Keiichi |work=Japan Focus}}</ref>▼
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Since the 1950s, senior Japanese Government officials have [[List of war apology statements issued by Japan|issued numerous apologies]] for the country's war crimes. [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] states that the country acknowledges its role in causing "tremendous damage and suffering" during World War II, especially in regard to the IJA entrance into Nanjing during which Japanese soldiers [[Rape of Nanking|killed a large number of non-combatants and engaged in looting and rape]].<ref name="mofa_jp">{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/q_a/faq16.html#q8 | title=Q8: What is the view of the Government of Japan on the incident known as the "Nanjing Massacre"? |work=Foreign Policy Q&A |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}}</ref> That being said, some members of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] in the Japanese government such as former prime minister [[Junichiro Koizumi]] and current Prime Minister [[Shinzō Abe]] have prayed at the [[Yasukuni Shrine]], which includes convicted [[Class A war criminals]] in its honored war dead. Some [[Japanese history textbook controversies|Japanese history textbooks]] only offer brief references to the various war crimes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/kasahara.pdf |title=Reconciling Narratives of the Nanjing Massacre in Japanese and Chinese Textbooks |publisher=Tsuru Bunka University |first=Tokushi |last=Kasahara}}</ref> and members of the Liberal Democratic Party have denied some of the atrocities such as government involvement in abducting women to serve as "[[comfort women]]" (sex slaves).<ref name="Tabuchi"/><ref name="Associated Press">{{Cite journal |journal=New York Times |title=Japan's Abe Denies Proof of World War II Sex Slaves |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 1, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-Japan-Sex-Slaves.html?ref=world |accessdate=March 1, 2007}}</ref> Allied authorities found that Koreans and Taiwanese serving in the forces of the Empire of Japan also committed war crimes, in addition to Japanese military and civil personnel.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shin|first1=Hee-seok|title=Korean War criminals tried as Japanese|url=http://m.koreatimes.co.kr/phone/news/view.jsp?req_newsidx=103587|website=koreatimes|publisher=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=10 February 2017|language=ko|date=10 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ryall|first1=Julian|title=British ex-POW in Japanese camp 'disgusted' by guard demands for compensation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/11220761/British-ex-POW-in-Japanese-camp-disgusted-by-guard-demands-for-compensation.html|accessdate=10 February 2017|work=Telegraph.co.uk|date=11 November 2014|language=en}}</ref>
Ĝi komenciĝis la 3-an de majo 1946 kaj el la 25 japanaj akuzitoj 7 estis ŝnurpendigitaj, 16 je longa prizono, 2 je mallonga prizono. La lastaj poste ricevis amnestion (1956).
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