Acipenseredoj: Malsamoj inter versioj

'''Acipenseredoj''' estas [[familio (biologio)|familio]] de 27 specioj de [[fiŝoj]] nome ''Acipenseridae'' en la ordo [[Acipenseroformaj]]. Ties evoluo datas reen el la [[Triaso]] nome antaŭ ĉirkaŭ 245 ĝis 208 milionoj da jaroj.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Birstein|first1= V. J.|first2= R.|last2= Hanner|first3=R.|last3= DeSalle|date= 1997|chapter= Phylogeny of the Acipenseriformes: cytogenic and molecular approaches|series=Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=17|pages= 127–155|doi=10.1007/0-306-46854-9_6 |title=Sturgeon Biodiversity and Conservation|editor1-last=Birstein|editor1-first=V. J.|editor2-last=Waldman|editor2-first=J. R.|editor3-last=Bemis|editor3-first=W. E.|isbn=978-0-306-46854-4

}}</ref> La familio estas grupigita en kvar genroj: ''[[Acipenser]]'', ''[[Huso]]'', ''Scaphirhynchus'' kaj ''Pseudoscaphirhynchus''. Kvar specioj eble jam estas formortintaj.<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web | url=http://www.iucn.org/?4928/Sturgeon-more-critically-endangered-than-any-other-group-of-species | title=Sturgeon More Critically Endangered Than Any Other Group of Species | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature | work=International News Release | date=18a de marto, 2010 | accessdate=19a de septembro, 2015 |author1=Chadwick, Niki |author2=Drzewinski, Pia |author3=Hurt, Leigh Ann }}</ref> Du proksime rilataj specioj, ''[[Polyodon spathula]]'' (American paddlefish) and ''[[Psephurus gladius]]'' (Chinese paddlefish, possibly extinct) are of the same order, [[Acipenseriformes]], but are in the family [[Polyodontidae]] and are not considered to be "true" sturgeons. Both sturgeons and paddlefish have been referred to as "[[primitive fishes]]" because their [[Morphology (biology)|morphological]] characteristics have remained relatively unchanged since the earliest [[fossil record]].<ref name=USFWS>{{cite web|title=Atlantic Sturgeon|url=http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay/sturgeon.html|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|author=Chesapeake Bay Field Office|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lake sturgeon|url=http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/rsg/profile.html?action=elementDetail&selectedElement=AFCAA01020|publisher=Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}</ref> Sturgeons are native to subtropical, temperate and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes and coastlines of [[Eurasia]] and [[North America]].<ref name=WashingtonEdu>{{cite web|url=http://courses.washington.edu/fish311/FISH%20311%20files/08-Primitive%20bony.pdf|publisher=University of Washington|title=Biology of Fishes (chapter: Biodiversity II: Primitive Bony Fishes and The Rise of Modern Teleosts)|accessdate=May 30, 2014}}</ref>

Sturgeons are long-lived, late-maturing fishes with distinctive characteristics, such as a [[Fish fin#AnchCaudal|heterocercal caudal fin]] similar to those of [[shark]]s, and an elongated, spindle-like body that is smooth-skinned, scaleless, and armored with five lateral rows of bony plates called [[scutes]]. Several species can grow quite large, typically ranging {{cvt|7|–|12|ft|m|frac=2}} in length. The largest sturgeon on record was a [[Beluga sturgeon|beluga]] female captured in the [[Volga estuary]] in 1827, weighing {{cvt|1,571|kg|lb}} and {{cvt|7.2|m|ft}} long. Most sturgeons are [[anadromous]] [[benthos|bottom-feeders]], which migrate upstream to spawn, but spend most of their lives feeding in [[river deltas]] and [[estuaries]]. Some species inhabit freshwater environments exclusively, while others primarily inhabit marine environments near [[coastal]] areas, and are known to venture into open ocean.