Aberdeen (Vaŝingtonio): Malsamoj inter versioj
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{{Informkesto urbo|regiono-ISO=US}}
[[Dosiero:Welcome to Aberdeen cropped.jpg|
"[[Come as You Are]]" estas kanto de [[Nirvana]].]]
'''Aberdeen''' ("Abe din'", aŭ pli precize, laŭ [[Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto|IFA]], {{IPA|[ˈæ bɚ diːn]}}) estas havenurbo en Kantono Haveno Gray, ĉe golfeto ("Grays Harbor") de la usona pacifika bordo. Aberdeen estas fondita de frua setlinto [[Samuel Benn]] kiu registris planon en [[1884]]. La loĝantaro nombris 16 461 laŭ la censo de 2000. Ĝi estas la ekonomia centro de Kantono Grays Harbor, situante inter la urboj [[Hoquiam (Vaŝingtonio)|Hoquiam]] and [[Cosmopolis (Vaŝingtonio)|Cosmopolis]]. Aberdeen ofte priskribiĝas kiel la "Pordego de la [[Olimpia duoninsulo]]" aŭ kiel la "Akuŝejo de la [[Grunĝo]]," pro tio ke [[Kurt Cobain]] kaj aliaj fondintoj de [[Nirvana]] venis de Aberdeen.
Aberdeno estas la hejmhaveno de la alta ŝipo ''[[Lady Washington]]'', reproduktita kopio de malpli granda ŝipo uzita de la esploristo Kapitano [[Robert Gray (ŝipestro)|Robert Gray]], kiu stelule rolis en la du kinofilmoj pri la "Piratoj de Karibeo" (''[[The Curse of the Black Pearl]], 2003, kaj ''[[Dead Man's Chest]]'', 2006.
== Historio ==
La fruaj setlantoj, kiuj venis al la orienta rando de Grays Harbor en la 1880-aj jaroj nomis la lokon Wishkah, laŭ [[Rivero Wishkah (Vaŝingtonio)|la proksima rivero]]. Kelkaj tamen kontraŭstaris la nomon, kaj finfine oni renomis la urbon laŭ la nomo de loko entrepreno, salmo-enladigejo, kiu siavice ricevis sian nomon laŭ [[Aberdeen|la urbo en Skotlando]]. Proksime situas alia malgranda komunumo, registrita en 1883,
Kvankam ĝi nun estas la plej granda kaj konata el la tri urboj ĉe Grays Harbor, en la fruaj jaroj ĝi iom postrestis la najbarojn, Hoquiam kaj Cosmopolis.
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When A.J. West built the town's first sawmill in 1884, the other two municipalities had already been in business for several years. For years Aberdeen and neighboring towns vied to be the terminus for the [[Northern Pacific Railroad]], but instead of ending at one of the established mill towns, the railroad skimmed through [[Cosmopolis]] and headed west for [[Ocosta, Washington|Ocosta]], a little town on the South Shore.
So [[Hoquiam]] and [[Aberdeen]] citizens banded together to build a spur, and in 1895 this homegrown line connected the Northern Pacific tracks to Aberdeen, and four years later it reached Hoquiam.
By [[1900]], Aberdeen was one of the roughest towns on the [[West Coast]], with many saloons, whorehouses, and gambling establishments. Aberdeen was well known by sailors. It was nicknamed "The Hellhole of the Pacific", or "The Port of Missing Men", because of the high murder rate around the area. One such person was Billy Gohl, known locally as Billy "Ghoul", who was rumored to have killed at least 140 men.
Aberdeen was officially incorporated on [[May 12]], [[1890]]. On [[October 16]], [[1903]], a massive fire swept through the city's commercial district, destroying 140 buildings and killing four people. The number of people living there grew tremendously in forty years, going from 1,638 in 1890 to 26,073 in 1930. Many immigrants moved in from all over the world, particularly people from Scandanavia, and many other European countries.
During the depression Aberdeen was hit hard, reducing the number of major mills from 37 to a mere 9. During this time, mill owners hired many Filipino and Jewish immigrants. During World War 2 the town was booming, but it began to decline as the big trees were gone. In 1959, the police force raided out all the many whorehouses that once filled the town.
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However, in 1982 while a recession was happening it closed down, doubling the unemployment rate. When it appeared that things couldn't get any worse, the Spotted Owl was listed on the Endangered Species list, closing many more forests to logging. Very recently the local sawmill, as well as the pulp mill in the neighboring city of Cosmopolis, shut down, costing the local community 342 jobs. Currently, there are plans for a new biodiesel plant and renewed hope that the industry will save the city.
== Education ==
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2006}}
The city's school district includes two high schools, [[Aberdeen High School (Washington)|J. M. Weatherwax High School]], or Aberdeen High School as it’s called by most and [[Harbor High School (Washington)|Harbor High School]], an [[alternative high school]] with an enrollment exceeding 200 students. Aberdeen High School has a rich history that is a point of pride for many in the community. Some of its traditions include the longest high school sports rivalry west of the [[Mississippi River]], with its neighbor Hoquiam High School. The rivalry is known amongst all the townsfolk and every year when this game occurs you can be assured most of the population is in attendance. The 100th football game was played on [[September 17]], [[2005]], with thousands of community members in attendance.
[[
In [[2002]], the Weatherwax building of Aberdeen High School, one of Aberdeen's most historical buildings (built in [[1909]]), was burned to the ground by two of its own students just after midnight. Students have since been spread out over the remaining campus, even using remains of an old church for classroom space until the new school is built. Construction of the new building has begun and should be ready to open [[September]] [[2007]].
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Aberdeen is also home to Grays Harbor College.GHC is home to Charlie Choker; the mascot.GHC has had two previous locations and is currently in South Aberdeen. A whole new section has been added to replace the old classrooms. GHC has many good opertunities and uses many resources to help students. GHC also has a program that works with another college online to help get students their 4 year teaching degree.
== Famous people ==
For a town of its size, Aberdeen has produced a surprising number of well-known people. Famous Aberdonians include painter [[Robert Motherwell]], Nobel-winning physicist [[Douglas Osheroff]], photographer [[Lee Friedlander]], choreographer [[Trisha Brown]], artist Elton Bennett, former [[Detroit Lions]] and [[St. Louis Cardinals]] Defensive End Mike Melinkovich, former Denver Broncos quarterback, [[John Elway]], former [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] and [[Houston Texans]] tight-end Mark Bruener, pollster Jack Elway (father of [[John Elway]], the [[American football|football]] hero), novelist [[Robert Cantwell]], professional wrestler [[Bryan Danielson|"American Dragon" Bryan Danielson]], software engineer [[Peter Norton]] and [[Jeff Burlingame]], author of ''Kurt Cobain: Oh Well, Whatever, Nevermind''. [[Victor Grinich]], who was born in Aberdeen in 1924 was a pioneer in the semiconductor industry and a member of the [[Traitorous Eight]] that founded [[Silicon Valley]].
=== Rock musicians ===▼
▲For a town of its size, Aberdeen has produced a surprising number of well-known people. Famous Aberdonians include painter [[Robert Motherwell]], Nobel-winning physicist [[Douglas Osheroff]], photographer [[Lee Friedlander]], choreographer [[Trisha Brown]], artist Elton Bennett, former [[Detroit Lions]] and [[St. Louis Cardinals]] Defensive End Mike Melinkovich, former Denver Broncos quarterback, [[John Elway]], former [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] and [[Houston Texans]] tight-end Mark Bruener, pollster Jack Elway (father of [[John Elway]], the [[American football|football]] hero), novelist [[Robert Cantwell]], professional wrestler [[Bryan Danielson|"American Dragon" Bryan Danielson]], software engineer [[Peter Norton]] and [[Jeff Burlingame]], author of ''Kurt Cobain: Oh Well, Whatever, Nevermind''. [[Victor Grinich]], who was born in Aberdeen in 1924 was a pioneer in the semiconductor industry and a member of the [[Traitorous Eight]] that founded [[Silicon Valley]].
▲===Rock musicians===
Aberdeen is best known, however, for producing seminal [[Grunge music|grunge]] and [[punk rock]] bands and musicians such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] including [[Kurt Cobain]] (born in
Aberdeen at Grays Harbor Community Hospital), and [[Dale Crover]], of [[The Melvins]]. The other early Melvins also had some kind of connection with Aberdeen or nearby [[Montesano, Washington|Montesano]]. When Dillard left the band in 1984 Dale Crover joined and the band's rehearsals moved to a back room of Crover's parents house in Aberdeen, Washington. Likewise, many of the earliest Nirvana rehearsals were held in Aberdeen, and some of Cobain's lyrics, in songs such as "[[Something in the Way]]" and some of the ''[[Bleach (album)|Bleach]]'' album referred to locations within the town. Although grunge was sometimes referred to as the "Seattle Sound", it has been argued that because Nirvana did not come from the city itself, that they had a slight outsider status within the scene, which was actually beneficial.
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[[Kurdt Vanderhoof]] of [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]]-band [[Metal Church]] is also from Aberdeen.
=== Other famous residents ===
* [[Robert Arthur (radio announcer)|Robert Arthur]], [[radio]] presenter
* [[Violet Blue (pornographic actress)|Violet Blue]], [[porn]] star
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* [[Mark Bruener]], pro football player, currently playing for the [[Houston Texans]]
== Industry ==
Despite attempts to diversify the local economy that stretch back decades, Aberdeen and the rest of Grays Harbor remain dependent on the timber industry.
On October 21, 2005, Weyerhaeuser announced that on December 19 it would close the Aberdeen large-log sawmill and in early 2006 the Cosmopolis pulp mill. This was expected to result in the loss of at least 342 jobs. Many employees were not told by Weyerhaueser management, but learned about the closures from local radio stations, who had received a press release early in the morning prior to a scheduled press conference.
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Imperium Renewables of Seattle has begun construction on a $40 million dollar biodiesel plant at the Port of Grays Harbor in the Aberdeen area. It is estimated the plant will produce as much as 100 million gallons of diesel fuel made from plants and vegetable material annually. This is a vast increase in the state's production, and a boost to the Grays Harbor economy. When completed it will be one of the largest plants of its type in the United States.
== Demographics ==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 16,461 people, 6,517 households, and 4,112 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 597.9/km² (1,548.8/mi²). There were 7,536 housing units at an average density of 273.7/km² (709.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 84.87% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.47% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 3.70% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.10% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.14% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.15% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.57% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 9.22% of the population.
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There has been a growing number of [[hispanics]] in [[Aberdeen]] due to manual labor and afforadble housing. F Street is a street where most hispanics and other races live, and expanding into the surrounding neighborhood.
-->==Ĝemelurboj ==
Aberdeen havas du [[ĝemelurboj]]n:
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* [[Kanazaŭa]], [[Japanio]]
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== References ==
* Ed Van Syckle, "The River Pioneers," Pacific Search Press, 1982.
* Ed Van Syckle, "They Tried to Cut It All," Pacific Search Press, 1980.
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* John C. Hughes & Ryan Teague Beckwith, [http://books.google.com/books?id=Nbg1nGp9UrIC&dq=ryan+teague+beckwith "On the Harbor: From Black Friday to Nirvana,"] Stephens Press, LLC. 2005.
== External links ==
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|46.975833|-123.818669}}
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