James Clerk Maxwell: Malsamoj inter versioj
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Linio 62:
[[File:JamesClerkMaxwell-KatherineMaxwell-1869.jpg|thumb|upright|James kaj Katherine Maxwell, 1869.]]
Li fokusis sian atenton al problemo kiun estis evitante sciencistojn dum 200 jaroj: nome la naturo de la nomitaj [[Ringoj de Saturno]]. Oni ne konis kiel ili povis resti stabilaj sen rompiĝi, fordrivante aŭ frapante en [[Saturno]]n.<ref>{{harvnb|Harman|1998|pp=48–53}}</ref> La problemo venis al partikulara gravo en tiu epoko ĉar ''[[St John's College (Kembriĝo)|St John's College]]'' estis elektinta ĝin kiel temo por la premio Adams de 1857.<ref name="oxford_508">{{harvnb|Harman|2004|p=508}}</ref> Maxwell dediĉis du jarojn al la studado de la problemo, provante ke regula solida ringo ne povas resti stabila, dum likva ringo estus devigita al onda agado kaj al rompiĝo en gutoj. Ĉar nenio el tio estis observita, li konkludis, ke la ringoj devas esti komponitaj de nombraj malgrandaj partikloj kiujn li nomis "er-brikoj", ĉiu sendepende orbitante ĉirkaŭ Saturno.<ref name="oxford_508"/> Maxwell ricevis la 130 pundojn de la premio en 1859 pro sia eseo "On the stability of the motion of Saturn's rings" (Pri la stabileco de la movado de la Saturnaj ringoj);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/onstabilityofmot00maxw |title=On the stability of the motion of Saturn's rings |accessdate=
En 1857 Maxwell amikiĝis kun Reverendo Daniel Dewar, kiu estis tiam Direktoro de ''Marischal''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I20494&ged=auden-bicknell.ged |title=Very Rev. Daniel Dewar DD (I20494) |publisher=Stanford University |accessdate=27a de aŭgusto 2013}}</ref> Tra li Maxwell renkontiĝis kun la filino de Dewar, nome [[Katherine Clerk Maxwell|Katherine Mary Dewar]]. Ili engaĝiĝis en februaro 1858 kaj geedziĝis en Aberdeen la 2an de junio 1858. En la nuptinformo, Maxwell estis listigita kiel Profesoro de Natura Filozofio en ''Marischal College'', Aberdeen.<ref>James Clerk Maxwell and Katherine Mary Dewar marriage certificate, Family History Library film #280176, district 168/2 (Old Machar, Aberdeen), paĝo 83, atestilo No. 65.</ref> Sep jarojn pli aĝa ol Maxwell, kompare oni scias malmulton pri Katherine, kvankam ja oni scias, ke ŝi helpis en lia laboratorio kaj laboris por eksperimentoj pri [[viskozeco]].<ref>{{harvnb|Maxwell|2001|p=351}}</ref> La biografiisto kaj amiko de Maxwell, nome Lewis Campbell, adoptis malkutiman suspektemon pri Katherine, kvankam ja li priskribis ilian geedzan vivon kiel "de senekzempla dediĉo".<ref>{{harvnb|Tolstoy|1982|pp=88–91}}</ref>
En 1860 ''Marischal College''
===King's College, Londono, 1860–1865===
[[File:Maxwell IEEE Plaque KCL.jpg|thumb|left|400 px|Commemoration of Maxwell's equations at King's College. One of three identical [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] Milestone Plaques, the others being at Maxwell's birthplace in Edinburgh and the family home at Glenlair.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/JCMF_brochure_v2.pdf |title=James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |publisher=James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |accessdate=28 May 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819023911/http://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/JCMF_brochure_v2.pdf |archivedate=19 August 2015 }}</ref>]]
Maxwell's time at King's was probably the most productive of his career. He was awarded the [[Royal Society|Royal Society's]] [[Rumford Medal]] in 1860 for his work on colour and was later elected to the Society in 1861.<ref name="Tolstoy_p 103-104">{{harvnb|Tolstoy|1982|p=103}}</ref> This period of his life would see him display the world's first light-fast colour photograph, further develop his ideas on the [[viscosity]] of gases, and propose a system of defining physical quantities—now known as [[dimensional analysis]]. Maxwell would often attend lectures at the [[Royal Institution]], where he came into regular contact with [[Michael Faraday]]. The relationship between the two men could not be described as being close, because Faraday was 40 years Maxwell's senior and showed signs of [[senility]]. They nevertheless maintained a strong respect for each other's talents.<ref>{{harvnb|Tolstoy|1982|pp=100–101}}</ref>
[[File:James Clerk Maxwell 16 Palace Gardens Terrace blue plaque.jpg|thumb|Blue plaque, 16 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, Maxwell's home, 1860–1865]]
This time is especially noteworthy for the advances Maxwell made in the fields of electricity and magnetism. He examined the nature of both electric and magnetic fields in his two-part paper "[[On physical lines of force]]", which was published in 1861. In it he provided a conceptual model for [[electromagnetic induction]], consisting of tiny spinning cells of [[magnetic flux]]. Two more parts were later added to and published in that same paper in early 1862. In the first additional part he discussed the nature of [[electrostatics]] and [[displacement current]]. In the second additional part, he dealt with the rotation of the plane of the [[Polarization (waves)|polarisation of light]] in a magnetic field, a phenomenon that had been discovered by Faraday and is now known as the [[Faraday effect]].<ref>{{harvnb|Mahon|2003|p=109}}</ref>
== Anekdoto ==
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