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En la Mezepoko, la glavo estis ofte uzata kiel simbolo de la [[Kristana logos|vorto de Dio]]. La nomoj donitaj al multaj glavoj en [[mitologio]], [[literaturo]], kaj [[historio]] montris la altan prestiĝon de tiu armilo kaj la riĉon de la posedanto.<ref>{{cite book |first=Juan Eduardo |last=Cirlot |year=2002 |title=A Dictionary of Symbols |publisher=Courier Dover Publications |pages=323–25 |isbn=978-0-486-42523-8}}</ref>
====LaterLasta Middle AgesMezepoko====
{{Ĉefartikolo|Longoglavo|Dumanglavo}}
{{Further|Longsword|Zweihänder}}
FromEkde aroundĉirkaŭ 1300 toĝis 1500, inkongrue concertkun withla improvedplibonigita [[armourarmaĵo]], innovativeplinovigaj swordglavodezajnoj designsevoluis evolvedpli morekaj andpli more rapidlyrapide. TheLa mainĉefa transitiontransiraĵo wasestis thela lengtheninglongo ofde thela griptenilo, allowingkio [[Classificationebligis ofla swords#Handedness|two-handed]]dumanan useuzadon, andkaj apli longerlongan bladeklingon. ByĈirkaŭ 1400, thistiu typetipo ofde swordglavo, attiam the time callednomita ''[[longswordlongoglavo|langes Schwert]]'' (longsworden la germana longoglavo) oraŭ ''spadone'', wasen commonla itala, andestis aofta, numberkaj of 15th- and 16th-centurynombraj ''[[Fechtbuch|Fechtbücher]]'' offeringde la 15a kaj 16a jarcentoj instructionsproponis oninstrukciojn theirpor useties surviveuzado. AnotherAlia variantvarianto wasestis thela specializedspecializita [[Armour#EarlyArmaĵo|armourarmaĵo]]-piercingpikaj swordsglavoj ofde thela tipo de [[estocspado]] type. TheLa [[longswordlongoglavo]] became populariĝis duepopulara topro itssia extremeekstrema reachatingo andkaj itssia cuttingtranĉanta andkaj thrustingtrudanta abilitieskapabloj.<ref>{{cite book |first=David|last=Lindholm|author2=Nicolle, David |title=The Scandinavian Baltic Crusades 1100–1500 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2007 |page=178 |isbn=978-1-84176-988-2}}</ref>
[[Image:Battle of Kappel detail.jpg|frame|left|1548Bildo depictionde of1548 apri [[Zweihänderdumanglavo]]j useduzitaj againstkontraŭ pikespikostangoj inen thela [[BattleBatalo ofde Kappel]].]]
[[Image:KHM Wien A 141 - Ceremonial sword of the Rector of the Republic of Ragusa, 1466.jpg|thumb|140px|CeremonialCeremonia swordglavo ofde thela Rector"Rektoro" ofde thela [[Republic ofRespubliko Dubrovnik]] (15th15a centuryjarcento).]]
TheLa [[estocspado]] becameiĝis popularpopulara becausepro ofsia itskapablo abilitytrudiĝi toen thrustla intotruojn theinter gapsplatoj between plates ofde [[ArmourArmaĵo#HistoryHistorio|armourarmaĵoj]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Leonid |last=Tarassuk |author2=Blair, Claude |title=The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms & Weapons: The Most Comprehensive Reference Work Ever Published on Arms and Armour from Prehistoric Times to the Present – with Over 1,200 Illustrations |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=1982 |page=491|author2-link=Claude Blair }}</ref> TheLa griptenilo wasestis sometimesfoje wrappedŝirmita inen wirekabloj oraŭ coarseaspra [[Hide (skin)|animal hidefelo]] topor provideeviti ake betterforta gripfrapo andforigu tola makeglavon itfor harderel tola knockmano a sword out of thede user'sla handuzanto.<ref name=McLean>McLean, p. 178</ref>
A number ofNombraj [[Martialmanuskripto]]j artskiuj manual#Historical European martial arts|manuscripts]]temas coveringpri longswordlongoglavaj combatbataloj andkaj techniquesteknikoj datingdataj fromel thela 13th–16th13a–16a centuriesjarcentoj existekzistas inen Germangermana,<ref name=Deutschbuch>{{cite web|url=http://www.pragmatische-schriftlichkeit.de/cgm582.html |title=Transkription von cgm582 |publisher=Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit|access-date=1010a Novemberde novembro 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309215813/http://www.pragmatische-schriftlichkeit.de/cgm582.html |archive-date=99a Marchde marto 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Italianitala, andkaj Englishangla,<ref name=Englishbook>{{cite web |url=http://www.mymartialheritage.org/manuals.html |title=15th Century English Combat Manuscripts |publisher=The English Martial Arts Academy |access-date=1010a Novemberde novembro 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727104736/http://www.mymartialheritage.org/manuals.html |archive-date=2727a Julyde julio 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> providinghavigantaj extensiveetendan informationinformaron onpri longswordlongoglavaj combativesbataloj askil usedestis throughoutkutime thistra period.tuta Manytiu periodo. ofMultaj theseel aretiuj nowestas readilynune availabledisponeblaj onlinerete.<ref name=Deutschbuch/><ref name=Englishbook/>
In the 16th century, the large [[zweihänderdumanglavo]] was used by the elite German and Swiss mercenaries known as [[doppelsöldner]]s.<ref>Douglas Miller, John Richards: ''Landsknechte 1486–1560'', {{ISBN|3-87748-636-3}}</ref> Zweihänder, literally translated, means two-hander. The zweihänder possesses a long blade, as well as a huge guard for protection. It is estimated that some zweihänder swords were over {{convert|6|ft|m}} long, with the one ascribed to [[Frisia]]n warrior [[Pier Gerlofs Donia]] being {{convert|2.13|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=out|order=flip}} long.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wunseradiel.nl/index.php?simaction=content&pagid=289&mediumid=1 |publisher=Gemeente Wûnseradiel |title=Greate Pier fan Wûnseradiel |language=Western Frisian |access-date=4 January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903223225/http://www.gemeentesudwestfryslan.nl/ |archive-date=3 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The gigantic blade length was perfectly designed for manipulating and pushing away enemy [[Pole weapon|pole-arms]], which were major weapons around this time, in both Germany and Eastern Europe. Doppelsöldners also used [[katzbalger]]s, which means 'cat-gutter'. The katzbalger's S-shaped guard and {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} blade made it perfect for bringing in when the fighting became too close to use a zweihänder.<ref name=Landsknechts>{{cite book |last=Miller |first=Douglas |year=1976 |title=The Landsknechts |url=https://archive.org/details/landsknechts00mill |url-access=limited |publisher=Osprey Publishing |page=[https://archive.org/details/landsknechts00mill/page/n11 11] |isbn=978-0-85045-258-7}}</ref>
Civilian use of swords became increasingly common during the late Renaissance, with [[duels]] being a preferred way to honourably settle disputes.
The [[side-sword]] was a type of war sword used by infantry during the [[RenaissanceRenesanco]] ofde [[EuropeEŭropo]]. This sword was a direct descendant of the [[arming sword]]. Quite popular between the 16th and 17th centuries, they were ideal for handling the mix of armoured and unarmoured opponents of that time. A new technique of placing one's finger on the [[ricasso]] to improve the grip (a practice that would continue in the [[rapier]]) led to the production of hilts with a guard for the finger. This sword design eventually led to the development of the civilian [[rapier]], but it was not replaced by it, and the side-sword continued to be used during the rapier's lifetime. As it could be used for both cutting and thrusting, the term [[Spada da lato|cut and thrust sword]] is sometimes used interchangeably with side-sword.<ref>The term ''cut & thrust'' is a non-historical classification first used within The [[Association for Renaissance Martial Arts]] to differentiate cutting swords with compound hilts from true rapiers.</ref> As rapiers became more popular, attempts were made to hybridize the blade, sacrificing the effectiveness found in each unique weapon design. These are still considered side-swords and are sometimes labeled ''sword rapier'' or ''cutting rapier'' by modern collectors.
Side-swords used in conjunction with [[buckler]]s became so popular that it caused the term [[swashbuckler]] to be coined. This word stems from the new fighting style of the side-sword and buckler which was filled with much "swashing and making a noise on the buckler".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shop.fencing.net/product_p/ca-2279.htm|title=Practical Side Sword|publisher=Fencing.net|access-date=22 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031053440/http://shop.fencing.net/product_p/ca-2279.htm|archive-date=31 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Within the [[OttomanOtomana EmpireImperio]], the use of a curved sabre called the [[Yatagan]] started in the mid-16th century. It would become the weapon of choice for many in [[TurkeyTurkio]] and the [[BalkansBalkanio]].<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Mortensen
| first = Peder
| isbn = 978-87-89384-31-3}}</ref>
The sword in this time period was the most personal weapon, the most prestigious, and the most versatile for close combat, but it came to decline in military use as technology, such as the [[crossbow]] and [[firearms]] changed warfare. However, it maintained a key role in civilian [[self-defencememdefendo]].<ref name =Britannica/>
====Near East and Africa====
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