Ramanuĝa: Malsamoj inter versioj

'''Ramanuĝa''', '''Ramanuja''' aŭ '''Ramanujaĉarja''' (ĉirkaŭ 1017–1137; [[IAST]]: Rāmānujā; [ɽaːmaːnʊdʑɐ]) estis hindia [[teologo]], [[filozofo]], kaj unu el la plej gravaj reprezentantoj de la tradicio de Sri Vaiŝnavismo ene de [[Hinduismo]].{{Sfn|C. J. Bartley|2013|pp=1–4, 52–53, 79}}<ref name="Sydnor2012p20"> Jon Paul Sydnor (2012). [https://books.google.es/books?id=Ae4FBAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Rāmānuja and Schleiermacher: Toward a Constructive Comparative Theology.] Casemate. pp. 20–22 kun piednoto 32. ISBN 978-0227680247. </ref> Lia filozofia fundamento por devotismo influis sur la Bhaktia movado.{{Sfn|C. J. Bartley|2013|pp=1–4, 52–53, 79}}<ref name="M-WRāmānuja"/><ref name="KulkeRothermund2004p149">{{cite book|author1=Hermann Kulke|author2=Dietmar Rothermund|title=A History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RoW9GuFJ9GIC&pg=PA149|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-32920-0|page=149}}</ref>

La [[guruo]] de Ramanuĝa estis [[Yadava Prakaasa|Yādava Prakāśa]], anome scholarfakulo whokiu wasestis aparto partde ofla thepli more ancientantikva [[Advaita Vedanta|Advaita Vedānta]] monasticmonaĥa traditiontradicio.<ref name=olivellehsarp10>{{cite book| author=Patrick Olivelle| title=The Samnyasa Upanisads : Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation: Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fB8uneM7q1cC&pg=PA10|year=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-536137-7|pages=10–11, 17–18}}</ref> SriLa Vaishnavatradicio traditionSri holdsVaiŝnava thatasertas Ramanujake disagreedRamanuĝa withmalkonsentis hiskun gurusia andguruo kaj thela nonne-dualisticduisma Advaita Vedānta, andkaj insteadanstataŭe followedsekvis inen thela footstepstradicio ofde Tamilla [[Alvars|Alvārs]]Tamilaj traditionAlvaroj, thenome scholarsde la fakuloj [[Nathamuni|Nāthamuni]] andkaj [[Yamunacharya|Yamunāchārya]]Ĝamunaĉarja.{{Sfn|C. J. Bartley|2013|pp=1–4, 52–53, 79}} RamanujaRamanuĝa isfamas famouskiel asla theĉefa chiefproponanto proponentde ofla [[Vishishtadvaita]]Viŝiŝtadvaita subschoolsubskolo ofde [[Vedanta|VedāntaVedanto]],{{Sfn|C. J. Bartley|2013|pp=1-2}}{{Sfn|Carman|1974|p=24}} andkaj hisliaj disciplesdisĉiploj wereestis likelytre authorsverŝajne ofaŭtoroj textsde suchtekstoj askiel thela [[ShatyayaniyaŜatjaĝaniĝa Upanishad]]Upaniŝado.<ref name=olivellehsarp10/> RamanujaRamanuĝa himselfmem wroteverkis influential textsinfluajn tekstojn, suchkiel asla [[bhasya|bhāsya]]"bhasja" onde thela ''[[Brahma Sutras]]Sutra'' andkaj thela ''[[Bhagavad GitaBagavadgito]]'', allĉiuj inen SanskritSanskrito.{{Sfn|Carman|1994|pp=82-87 with footnotes}}

His Vishishtadvaita (qualified [[non-dualism]]) philosophy has competed with the [[Dvaita]] (theistic dualism) philosophy of [[Madhvacharya|Madhvāchārya]], and [[Advaita Vedanta|Advaita]] (non-dualism) philosophy of [[Adi Shankara|Ādi Shankara]], together the three most influential Vedantic philosophies of the 2nd millennium.<ref name=williamindichcav1>{{cite book|author=William M. Indich|title=Consciousness in Advaita Vedanta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ykZjWOiBMoC|year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1251-2|pages=1–2, 97–102}}</ref><ref name=brucesullivan239>{{cite book|author=Bruce M. Sullivan|title=The A to Z of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU4ZdatgRysC|year=2001|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-4070-6|page=239}}</ref> RamanujaRamanuĝa presented the [[Epistemology|epistemic]] and [[Soteriology|soteriological]] importance of [[bhakti]], or the devotion to a personal God (Vishnu in Ramanuja's case) as a means to spiritual liberation. His theories assert that there exists a plurality and distinction between [[Atman (Hinduism)|Ātman]] (soul) and [[Brahman]] (metaphysical, ultimate reality), while he also affirmed that there is unity of all souls and that the individual soul has the potential to realize identity with the Brahman.{{Sfn|C. J. Bartley|2013|pp=1-2, 9-10, 76-79, 87-98}}<ref name=brucesullivan239/><ref>{{cite book|author=Sean Doyle|title=Synthesizing the Vedanta: The Theology of Pierre Johanns, S.J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-S7DJLnkwG4C|year=2006|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-03910-708-7|pages=59–62}}</ref>