Ideologio: Malsamoj inter versioj

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En la [[Marksismo|marksisma]] modelo de [[socio]] fundamentita sur bazo kaj superstrukturo, '''bazo''' estas la [[produktorilatoj]] kaj la [[produktomanieroj]], kaj '''superstrukturo''' estas la dominanta ideologio (t.e. [[religio]], [[juro]], politika sistemo). La ekonomia bazo de produktado determinas la politikajn superstrukturojn de socio. La interesoj de la reganta [[socia klaso]] determinas la superstrukturon kaj la naturon de la justigaj ideologio kaj agadoj per kiuj la [[reganta klaso]] kontrolas la [[produktadrimedoj]]n. Por ekzemplo, en [[feŭdismo|feŭdisma]] [[produktomanieroj|produktomaniero]], religia ideologio estas la plej elstara aspekto de la superstrukturo, dum en etapoj de [[kapitalismo]], ideologioj kiaj [[liberalismo]] kaj [[socialdemokratio]] dominas. El tio venas la granda gravo de la ideologio justigante socion.
 
SomeOni explanationsprezentis havekelkajn beenklarigon presentedpor tio. [[György Lukács]] proposesproponas ideologyideologion askiel aprojekcio [[psychological projection|projection]] ofde thela [[class consciousnessklaskonscio]] ofde thela rulingreganta classklaso. [[Antonio Gramsci]] usesuzas la koncepton de [[kultura hegemonio]] to explain why the [[working-class]] have a false ideological conception of what their best interests are. Marx argued that "The class which has the means of material production at its disposal has control at the same time over the means of mental production."<ref>{{cite book|last=Marx|first=Karl|title="The Civil War in France", The Marx-Engels Reader 2nd ed.|year=1978a|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|location=New York}}</ref>
 
The Marxist formulation of "ideology as an instrument of social reproduction" is conceptually important to the [[sociology of knowledge]],<ref>In this discipline, there are lexical disputes over the meaning of the word "ideology" ("false consciousness" as advocated by Marx, or rather "false position" of a statement in itself is correct but irrelevant in the context in which it is produced, as in [[Max Weber]]'s opinion): {{cite journal|last1=Buonomo|first1=Giampiero|title = Eleggibilità più ampia senza i paletti del peculato d'uso? Un'occasione (perduta) per affrontare il tema delle leggi ad personam |journal= Diritto&Giustizia Edizione Online |date=2005| url= https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89394794}} {{Subscription required |via=[[Questia]]}}</ref> viz. [[Karl Mannheim]], [[Daniel Bell]], and [[Jürgen Habermas]] et al. Moreover, Mannheim has developed, and progressed, from the "total" but "special" Marxist conception of ideology to a "general" and "total" ideological conception acknowledging that all ideology (including [[Marxism]]) resulted from social life, an idea developed by the [[sociology|sociologist]] [[Pierre Bourdieu]]. [[Slavoj Žižek]] and the earlier [[Frankfurt School]] added to the "general theory" of ideology a psychoanalytic insight that ideologies do not include only conscious, but also [[unconscious mind|unconscious]] ideas.