Al-Musta'in (Kairo): Malsamoj inter versioj

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'''Al-Musta'in bi-llah''' ({{Lang-ar|المستعين بالله}}) (ĉirkaŭ 1390 – Februaro aŭ Marto 1430)<ref name="Holt">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Holt |first=Peter Malcolm |encyclopedia= The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition |title=Al-Musta'in (II) |edition=2nd |year=1993 |publisher=E.J. Brill |volume=Volume VII (Mif – Naz) |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-09419-2 |page=723}}</ref> estis la deka [[Abasida kalifo]] de [[Kairo]], kiu regis sub la tutorado de la [[Mameluka Sultanlando (Kairo)|Mamelukaj Sultanoj]] de 1406 ĝis 1414. Li estis la nura kaira abasida kalifo kiu ankaŭ tenis politikan povon kiel [[Sultano de Egiptio]],<ref name="King">{{Cite book |last=King |first=Joan Wucher |title=Historical Dictionary of Egypt |series=Books of Lasting Value |year=1989 |origyear=First published 1984 |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |isbn=978-977-424-213-7 |pages=453–454}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Arnold |first=T. W. |authorlink=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor=Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor |encyclopedia= E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |title=Khalifa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&pg=PA883&dq=Musta'in |accessdate=2010-10-15 |edition=Reprinted 1st |year=1993 |publisher=E.J. Brill |volume=Volume IV (ʿItḳ – Kwaṭṭa) |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-09790-2 |page=883 |quote=But not a single one of them (with the exception of Musta'in, who was made the plaything of rival political factions in 1412 and for six months was styled Sultan) ever exercised any function of government or enjoyed any political power.}}</ref> kvankam nur dum ses monatoj en 1412. Ĉiu aliaj kairaj abasidaj kalifoj kiuj antaŭis aŭ malantaŭis lin estis nur spiritaj gravuloj kiuj ne havis politikan povon.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-first=Nagendra Kumar |editor-last=Singh |title=International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FKD39Cbmdh0C&pg=PA199&dq=Mustain |year=2002 |publisher=Anmol Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-261-0403-1 |page=199 |quote=These Caliphs were the spiritual heads only. All temporal authority lay with the Mamluk Sultans. [...] In 1412 C.E. the Caliph Al Mustain captured temporal power as well, but he could not hold such power for more than six months. The Caliphs who followed him had to remain content as spiritual heads only.}}</ref>

 

==Referencoj==

*{{Cite web |url=http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/98mosta.html |title=Biography of al-Musta'in |publisher=Islampedia.com |language=Araba |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611061437/http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/98mosta.html |archivedate=2008-06-11}}

 

{{Bibliotekoj}}

{{Vivtempo|Mustain}}

[[Kategorio:Abasidaj kalifoj en Kairo]]

[[Kategorio:Sultanoj de Egiptio]]