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'''Scienca rasismo''', foje terminigita kiel '''biologia rasismo''', estas [[Pseŭdoscienco|pseŭdoscienca]] kredo, ke ekzistas empiria puvaro por subteni aŭ justigi [[rasismo]]n (rasa diskriminacio), rasan malsuperecon aŭ rasan superecon.<ref>"Ostensibly scientific": cf. Theodore M. Porter, Dorothy Ross (eld.) 2003. The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 7, The Modern Social Sciences Cambridge University Press, p. 293 "Race has long played a powerful popular role in explaining social and cultural traits, often in ostensibly scientific terms"; Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper (eld.), ''The Social Science Encyclopedia'' (1996), "Racism", p. 716: "This [''sc. scientific''] racism entailed the use of 'scientific techniques', to sanction the belief in European and American racial Superiority"; ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Questions to Sociobiology'' (1998), "Race, theories of", p. 18: "Its exponents [''sc. of scientific racism''] tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history"; Terry Jay Ellingson, ''The myth of the noble savage'' (2001), 147ff. "In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific; nor, it could at least be argued, was whatever met the qualifications of actual science ever very racist" (p. 151); Paul A. Erickson, Liam D. Murphy, ''A History of Anthropological Theory'' (2008), p. 152: "Scientific racism: Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism".</ref><ref name="SciRac_Gould">{{cite book|last=Gould|first=Stephen Jay|author-link=Stephen Jay Gould|title=The Mismeasure of Man|publisher=W W Norton and Co.|year=1981|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mismeasureofman00goulrich/page/28 28–29]|isbn=978-0-393-01489-1|quote=Few tragedies can be more extensive than the stunting of life, few injustices deeper than the denial of an opportunity to strive or even to hope, by a limit imposed from without, but falsely identified as lying within.|title-link=The Mismeasure of Man}}</ref><ref name="SciRac_CSI">{{cite journal|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/2004-09/scientific-ethics.html|title=Can the Sciences Help Us to Make Wise Ethical Judgments?|access-date=1a de Decembro 2007|last=Kurtz|first=Paul|date=Sep 2004|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123123232/http://www.csicop.org/si/2004-09/scientific-ethics.html|archive-date=23a de Novembro 2007|quote=There have been abundant illustrations of pseudoscientific theories-monocausal theories of human behavior that were hailed as "scientific"-that have been applied with disastrous results. Examples: ... Many racists today point to IQ to justify a menial role for blacks in society and their opposition to affirmative action.}}</ref><ref name="EPSS">{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first=Byron|editor-last=Kaldis|title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2013|pages=779|isbn=9781452276045}}</ref> Historie, scienca rasismo ricevis kredindecon tra la scienca komunumo, sed ĝi ne plu estas konsiderata scienca.<ref name="SciRac_Gould"/><ref name="SciRac_CSI"/> Dividi la homaron en biologie distingaj grupoj estas ofte nomata '''rasa realismo'''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA--> aŭ '''rasa scienco'''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA--> fare de ties proponantoj. Nuntempa scienca interkonsento malakceptas tiun vidpunkton kiel malkongruebla kun la moderna [[Genetiko|genetika esplorado]].<ref name="Templeton2016">Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eld.), ''How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society'' (pp. 346-361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26}}. Ke tiu vidpunkto respegulas la interkonsenton inter usonaj antropologoj estas asertata en: {{cite journal|last2=Yu|first2=Joon-Ho|last3=Ifekwunigwe|first3=Jayne O.|last4=Harrell|first4=Tanya M.|last5=Bamshad|first5=Michael J.|last6=Royal|first6=Charmaine D.|date=Februaro 2017|title=Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=162|issue=2|pages=318–327|doi=10.1002/ajpa.23120|pmid=27874171|last1=Wagner|first1=Jennifer K.|pmc=5299519}} Vidu ankaŭ: {{cite web|author= American Association of Physical Anthropologists|title=AAPA Statement on Race and Racism |website=American Association of Physical Anthropologists|access-date=19a de Junio 2020 |date=27a de Marto 2019 |url=https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/}}</ref>{{rp|360}}
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ScientificScienca racismrasismo employsuzas [[antropologio]]n (notablypartikulare [[physicalla anthropology]]fizikan antropologion), [[anthropometryantropometrio]]n, [[craniometrykraniometrio]]n, andkaj otheraliajn disciplinesfakojn oraŭ pseudopseŭdo-disciplinesfakojn, inpor proposingproponi anthropologicalantropologiajn [[typologytipologiojn (anthropology)|typologies]]kiuj supportingsubtenu thela [[HistoricalHomaj definitions of racerasoj|classificationklasigon ofde humanhomaj populationspopulacioj]] intoen physicallyfizike discreteevidentaj humanhomajn racesrasojn, somekelkaj ofel whichkiuj mightestus bekonsiderataj assertedsuperaj toaŭ bemalsuperaj superior or inferior toal othersaliaj. ScientificScienca racismrasismo wasestis commonofta duringdum thela periodperiodo fromel thela [[17th17-a centuryjarcento|1600s1600-aj jaroj]] toĝis thela endfino ofde la [[WorldDua War IIMondmilito]]. SinceEkde thela seconddua halfduono ofde thela 20th20-a centuryjarcento, scientificscienca racismrasismo hasestis beenkritikita criticizedkiel asabsolute obsoletemalvalida andkaj discreditedsenkreditigita, yetkvankam hasestis persistentlykonstante beenuzita usedpor tosuporti supportaŭ orklopodi validatevalidigi racistrasismajn world-viewsmondokonceptojn, basedbazite uponsur beliefkredoj inen thela existenceekzistado andkaj significancesignifo ofde racialrasaj categorieskategorioj andkaj ahierarkio hierarchyde ofsuperaj superior andkaj inferiormalsuperaj racesrasoj.<ref>Cf. Patricia Hill Collins, ''Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment'' (2nd2a edeld., 2000), Glossary, p. 300: "Scientific racism was designed to prove the inferiority of people of color"; Simon During, ''Cultural studies: a critical introduction'' (2005), p. 163: "It [''sc. scientific racism''] became such a powerful idea because ... it helped legitimate the domination of the globe by whites"; David Brown andkaj Clive Webb, ''Race in the American South: From Slavery to Civil Rights'' (2007), p. 75: "...the idea of a hierarchy of races was driven by an influential, secular, scientific discourse in the second half of the eighteenth century and was rapidly disseminated during the nineteenth century".</ref>
AfterPost thela endfino ofde Worldla WarDua IIMondmilito, scientificscienca racismrasismo inkaj theoryen andteorio actionkaj wasen formallyagado denouncedestis formale denuncita, especiallyspeciale inen frua publikaĵo de [[UNESCO]]'s earlypri [[Scientific anti-racismKontraŭrasismo|antiracistkontraŭrasismo]] statementnome "[[The Race Question]]" (La rasafero, 1950): "The biological fact of race and the myth of 'race' should be distinguished. For all practical social purposes 'race' is not so much a biological phenomenon as a social myth. The myth of 'race' has created an enormous amount of human and social damage. In recent years, it has taken a heavy toll in human lives, and caused untold suffering."<ref>UNESCO, [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001282/128291eo.pdf The Race Question], p. 8</ref> Since that time, developments in [[human evolutionary genetics]] and [[Biological anthropology|physical anthropology]] have led to a new consensus among anthropologists that [[Race (human categorization)|human race]] is a sociopolitical phenomenon rather than a biological one.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gannon|first1=Megan|date=5 February 2016|title=Race Is a Social Construct, Scientists Argue|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/race-is-a-social-construct-scientists-argue/|journal=Scientific American|language=en|access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Daley |first1=C. E. |title=The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence |last2=Onwuegbuzie |first2=A. J. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780521518062 |editor-last=Sternberg |editor-first=R. |location=Cambridge New York |pages=293–306 |chapter=Race and Intelligence |editor-last2=Kaufman |editor-first2=S. B.}}</ref>{{rp|294}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Diana Smay, George Armelagos|title=Galileo wept: A critical assessment of the use of race in forensic anthropolopy|journal=Transforming Anthropology|date=2000|volume=9|issue=2|pages=22–24|url=http://www.anthropology.emory.edu/FACULTY/ANTGA/Web%20Site/PDFs/Galileo%20Wept-%20A%20Critical%20Assessment%20of%20the%20Use%20of%20Race%20in%20Forensic%20Anthropology.pdf|access-date=13 July 2016|doi=10.1525/tran.2000.9.2.19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Rotimi, Charles N.|date=2004|title=Are medical and nonmedical uses of large-scale genomic markers conflating genetics and 'race'?|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=36|issue=11 Suppl|pages=43–47|doi=10.1038/ng1439|pmid=15508002|quote="Two facts are relevant: (i) as a result of different evolutionary forces, including natural selection, there are geographical patterns of genetic variations that correspond, for the most part, to continental origin; and (ii) observed patterns of geographical differences in genetic information do not correspond to our notion of social identities, including 'race' and 'ethnicity"|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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