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'''Rashid Ali al-Kaylani''' (arabe رشيد عالي الكيلاني, prononcita ''' Saajjad Raŝid Ali al-Gajlani''') estis filo de ''Sayyad Abdul Wahhab al-Gillani'' (n. [[1892]] m. [[1965]]) kaj xcefministroĉefministro de Irako en tri periodoj:
# 20-a de marto, [[1933]] – 29-a de oktobro, [[1933]]
# 31-a de marto, [[1940]] – 31-a de januaro, [[1941]]
# 3-a de aprilo, [[1941]] – 29-a de majo, [[1941]]
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He is chiefly remembered for his efforts to bring Iraq into the Axis sphere of influence during [[World War II]].
Li estas plej ofte menciita, kiel tiu gvidanto, kiu veigis Irakon al influo de Germanio dum la dua mondmilito.
Born to a prominent [[Baghdad]] family, he was related to Iraq's first prime minister, [[Abd ar-Rahman al-Haydari al-Gillani]], though the two parts of the family were estranged. Rashid Ali al-Gillani began his career in politics in 1924 in the first government led by [[Yasin al-Hashimi]], who appointed him Minister of Justice. The two men were ardent [[Arab nationalism|nationalists]], opposed to any [[United Kingdom|British]] involvement in the country's internal politics. They rejected the [[Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930)|Anglo-Iraqi Treaty]] signed by [[Nuri as-Said]]'s government in [[1930]] and formed their own [[Party of National Brotherhood]] to promote nationalist aims. He served as prime minister for the first time in 1933.
During the 1930s, Gillani was strongly influenced by the Mufti of [[Jerusalem]], [[Haj Amin al-Husseini]], who had been exiled from the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] for his nationalist activities and found support in his campaign against [[Jew]]ish immigration to the country with the [[Nazism|Nazi]] regime in [[Germany]].
Li estis parenco al la unua ĉefministro de Irako, [[Abd ar-Rahman al-Haydari al-Gillani]]. Rashid Ali al-Gajlani komencis karieron en 1924 en la unua registaro, gvidata de [[Yasin al-Hashimi]]. La du homoj estis ardantaj arabaj naciistoj kaj kontraŭis la intervenon de la britoj en la internan politikon de la lando. Ili rifuzis la [[anglo-iraka traktato (1930)|anglo-irakan traktaton]] subskribita de registaro de [[Nuri as-Said]] en [[1930]] kja formis siajn nacian partion [[Partio de la Nacia Frateco]]. Li servis kiel ĉefministro unuafoje ekde 1933.
When Gillani was again appointed prime minister in [[1940]], Iraq had just experienced the premature death of King [[Ghazi of Iraq|Ghazi]] and a weakened regency for the new four-year-old King [[Faisal II of Iraq]] under his uncle, Emir [[Abdul Illah, Regent of Iraq|Abdul-Illah]]. While Abdul-Illah supported Britain in the war, he was unable to control Gillani, who used the war to further his own nationalist goals by refusing to allow troops to cross through Iraq to the front. He also rejected calls that Iraq break its ties with [[Italy]] and sent his Justice Minister, [[Naji Shawkat]], to meet with the then German ambassador to [[Turkey]], [[Franz von Papen]], to win German support for his government. At a later meeting, in which the Mufti's private secretary acted as the representative for the Iraqi government, Gillani assured Germany that his country's natural resources would be made available to the Axis in return for German recognition of the [[Arab]] states' right to independence and political unity, as well as the right to "deal with" the [[Jew]]s living in Arab lands.
Li venis en la 1930-aj jaroj sub influon de la porgermana muftio de Jeruŝalemo ([[Haj Amin al-Husseini]]). Li promesis en 1940 kiel ĉefministro al la germanoj apogi ilin per resursoj de la lando, la britoj forigis lin el la registaro per ekstera premo je la regento (31-an de januaro 1941). Li repotenciĝis la 3-an de aprilo - post fuĝo de Abdul Illah - kaj tuj sendis irakajn fortojn kontraŭ la aviadila bazo de la britoj en [[Habbaniya]]. Tie komenciĝis la [[Anglo-Iraka milito]].
Britain responded with severe economic sanctions against Iraq. Meanwhile, news of British victories against [[Italy|Italian]] forces in [[North Africa]] dulled support for Gillani's government, and on [[January 31]], [[1941]], under pressure from the regent, he resigned his post as prime minister. This only exacerbated his mistrust of Britain and its supporters in the government, and together with some of his pro-Axis colleagues, Gillani made plans to assassinate Abdul-Illah and seize power. Abdul Illah fled the country on [[March 31]], and on [[April 3]], Gillani returned to power. As one of his first acts, he sent an Iraqi [[artillery]] force to confront the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] base situated in [[Habbaniya, Iraq|Habbaniya]]. Meanwhile other British forces landed at [[Basra]] initiating the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]].
Pro kontraŭatako de la britoj, Gajlani fuĝis al Berlino, poste en Saŭd-Arabion.
Iraq had been a major supplier of [[petroleum]] to the Allied war effort and an important landbridge between British forces in [[Egypt]] and [[India]]. To secure Iraq, [[Winston Churchill]] ordered General [[Archibald Wavell]] to protect the Habaniya base, (which had not only refused to accept the Iraqi demands for the cessation of its training activities, but in response to other Iraqi provocations had struck first and relieved the siege) and to head from there to Baghdad. Fearing a British onslaught, Gillani fled to Berlin and a new government was installed. In Berlin he was received by Hitler and recognized as the Iraqi government in exile. Upon Germany's defeat, Gillani found refuge in Saudi Arabia.
Gajlani revenis en Irako post faligo de la Monarhcio en [[1958]]. Li klopodis denove akiri la potencon, sed li fiaskis kaj estis juĝita je morto. Li pardonpetis kaj li povis forlasi Irakon.
Gillani only returned from exile after the revolution that overthrew the Iraqi monarchy in [[1958]]. Once again he attempted to seize power, and plotted a revolt against [[Abdul Karim Kassem]]'s government. The revolt was foiled and Gillani was sentenced to death. Later pardoned, he returned to exile, where he died in 1965.
[[Category:1892 births|Gillani, Rashid Ali al-]]
[[Category:1965 deaths|Gillani, Rashid Ali al-]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Iraq|Gillani, Rashid Ali al-]]
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[[ar:رشيد عالي الكيلاني]]
[[en:Rashid Ali al-Kaylani]]
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