Batalo de la Tranĉeo: Malsamoj inter versioj
| [kontrolita revizio] | [kontrolita revizio] |
Enhavo forigita Enhavo aldonita
Kani (diskuto | kontribuoj) Nova paĝo kun 'thumb|Loko de la Batalo de la Tranĉeo, Medino La '''Batalo de la Tranĉeo ''' (en araba غزوة الخندق Ghazwah al-Khandaq) konata anka...' |
Kani (diskuto | kontribuoj) Neniu resumo de redakto |
||
Linio 7:
Tiu venko de medinanoj okazigis ke la mekkanoj perdis sian komercan forton kaj multon el ties prestiĝo.
==Referencoj==
;Unuaranga fonto
* Guillaume, Alfred, ''The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah''. Oxford University Press, 1955. ISBN 0-19-636033-1
;Duarangaj fontoj
*{{cite book| first=Allen E. | last=Buchanan |author2=Margaret Moore|title='States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries| publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location= Cambridge|year=2003 | isbn= 0-521-52575-6}}
*{{cite book | last=Donner | first = Fred | authorlink=|title=Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing | publisher=Darwin Press | year = 1998 | isbn=0-87850-127-4}}
*{{cite book | last=Glasse | first=Cyril | authorlink= |author2= Huston Smith | title=New Encyclopedia of Islam: A Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam | publisher=Rowman Altamira | year=2003 ||isbn=0759101906}}
*Heck, Gene W. "Arabia Without Spices: An Alternate Hypothesis", in: ''Journal Of The American Oriental Society'' 123 (2003), p. 547-567.
*{{cite book | author = Lings, Martin| title = Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources| publisher = Allen & Unwin |year=1983 | isbn= 0-04-297042-3}}
*{{cite book|first=Sayyid Abul Ala |last=Maududi |title=The Meaning of the Quran|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Publications Limited|location = [[Lahoro]] | isbn= 1-56744-134-3}}
*Muir, William, ''A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira'', [http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Muir/Life3/ vol. 3]. London: Smith, Elder & Co, 1861.
*{{cite book | author = Nomani, Shibli| title = Sirat al-Nabi| publisher = Pakistan Historical Society |year=1970 | location = Karachi }}
* {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis E. | title=Muhammad and the Origins of Islam | publisher=SUNY Press | year=1994 |location=Albany | isbn=0-7914-1875-8}}
*{{cite book | author = Peterson, Daniel C. | title = Muhammad. Prophet of God| publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing co. |year=2007 | location = Grand Rapids, Michigan | isbn= 0-8028-0754-2}}
*{{cite book | author = Ramadan, Tariq| title = In the Footsteps of the Prophet| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year=2007 | location = [[New York]] | isbn=0-19-530880-8 }}
*{{cite book | last=Reeves | first=Minou | authorlink=| title=Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making | year=2003 | publisher=NYU Press | isbn=978-0-8147-7564-6}}
*{{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime| title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | year=2002 | isbn=1-86064-827-4}}
*{{cite book | author = Watt, William M.| title = Muhammad at Mecca | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1953 | id=ASIN: B000IUA52A}}
*{{cite book | author = Watt, William M.| title = Muhammad at Medina | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1956 | isbn=0-19-577307-1}}
*{{cite book | author = Watt, William M.| title = Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1974 | isbn=0-19-881078-4}}
*{{cite book | author = Zafrulla Khan, Muhammad | title = Muhammad, Seal of the Prophets | publisher = Routledge |year=1980 | isbn=0-7100-0610-1}}
*Filmo [[Muhammad: The Last Prophet]]
==Eksteraj ligiloj==
*[http://www.thewaytotruth.org/prophetmuhammad/trench.html The Battle Of The Trench]
*[http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch4s9.html Al-Ahzab (the Confederates) Invasion]
*[http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/26.htm A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims;The Battle of the Trench] de Sayed Ali
*[http://lasjan.page.tl/Al-Ahzab.htm Battle of ''Ahzab'' '''(غزوة الاحزاب)''']
[[Kategorio:Historio de Islamo]]
| |||
