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La difino kaj klasifiko de psikaj malsanoj estas ŝlosila temo por esploristoj same kiel por servoliverantoj kaj tiuj kiuj povas esti diagnozitaj. Por mensa stato klasifikota kiel malsanon, ĝi ĝenerale devas kaŭzi misfunkcion.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stein|first=DJ|title=What is a mental disorder? A perspective from cognitive-affective science.|journal=Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie|date=Dec 2013|volume=58|issue=12|pages=656–62|pmid=24331284}}</ref> La plej multaj internaciaj klinikaj dokumentoj uzas la esprimon mensa "malordo", dum "malsano" ankaŭ estas ofta. Oni notis ke uzi la esprimon "mensan" (t.e., de la [[menso]]) ne nepre intencas implici apartecon el [[cerbo]] aŭ [[Homa korpo|korpo]].
Laŭ internacia kriteriaro DSM-IV, mensa malordo estas psikologia [[sindromo]] aŭ modelo, kiu okazas en individuo, kaj kaŭzas malordon pere de dolora [[simptomo]] aŭ [[malkablomalkapablo]], aŭ pliigas la riskon de morto, doloro aŭ malkapablo; tamen ĝi ekskludas normalajn reagojn kiaj [[aflikto]] pro perdo de amita persono, kaj ekskludas ankaŭ devojigan kutimaron pro politikaj, religiaj aŭ sociaj tialoj ne okazante el disfunkcio en la individuao.<ref name=psychol-med>{{cite journal |last1=Stein |first1=Dan J |last2=Phillips |first2=K.A |last3=Bolton |first3=D |last4=Fulford |first4= K.W.M |last5=Sadler |first5=J.Z |last6=Kendler |first6=K.S |date=November 2010 |title=What is a Mental/Psychiatric Disorder? From DSM-IV to DSM-V |journal=Psychological Medicine |location=London |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1759–1765 |issn=0033-2917 |oclc=01588231 |doi=10.1017/S0033291709992261 |quote=<!--long quote per fair use and to mitigate linkrot due to robots exclusion-->In DSM-IV, each of the mental disorders is conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom. In addition, this syndrome or pattern must not be merely an expectable and culturally sanctioned response to a particular event, for example, the death of a loved one. Whatever its original cause, it must currently be considered a manifestation of a behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction in the individual. Neither deviant behavior (e.g., political, religious, or sexual) nor conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual, as described above. |pmc=3101504 |pmid=20624327}}</ref><ref name=psychol-med-T1>{{cite journal |last1=Stein |first1=Dan J |last2=Phillips |first2=K.A |last3=Bolton |first3=D |last4=Fulford |first4= K.W.M |last5=Sadler |first5=J.Z |last6=Kendler |first6=K.S |date=November 2010 |title=What is a Mental/Psychiatric Disorder? From DSM-IV to DSM-V : Table 1 DSM-IV Definition of Mental Disorder |journal=Psychological Medicine |location=London |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1759–1765 |issn=0033-2917 |oclc=01588231 |doi=10.1017/S0033291709992261 |pmc=3101504 |pmid=20624327}}</ref>
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DSM-IV precedes the definition with caveats, stating that, as in the case with many medical terms, ''mental disorder'' "lacks a consistent operational definition that covers all situations", noting that different levels of abstraction can be used for medical definitions, including pathology, symptomology, deviance from a normal range, or etiology, and that the same is true for mental disorders, so that sometimes one type of definition is appropriate, and sometimes another, depending on the situation.<ref name=dsm4-caveats>{{cite journal |last1=Stein |first1=Dan J |last2=Phillips |first2=K.A |last3=Bolton |first3=D |last4=Fulford |first4= K.W.M |last5=Sadler |first5=J.Z |last6=Kendler |first6=K.S |date=November 2010 |title=What is a Mental/Psychiatric Disorder? From DSM-IV to DSM-V |journal=Psychological Medicine |location=London |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1759–1765 |issn=0033-2917 |oclc=01588231 |doi=10.1017/S0033291709992261
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