Malsovaĝigo: Malsamoj inter versioj
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Linio 9:
==Difino==
'''Aldomigo''' ne estu konfuzita kun '''dresado'''. Dresado estas la kondiĉita kutimara modifo de natur-naskita animalo kiam ties natura evito al homoj estas limigita kaj ĝi toleras la estadon de homoj, sed aldomigo estas la konstanta genetika modifo de bredata stirpo kio kondukas al heredata antaŭdispono al homoj.<ref>Price, E (2008). Principles and applications of domestic animal behavior: an introductory text. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781780640556. Alirita 2016-01-21.</ref><ref>Driscoll, C. A.; MacDonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009). "From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 9971–9978. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901586106.</ref><ref>Diamond, J (2012). "1". In Gepts, P. Biodiversity in Agriculture: Domestication, Evolution, and Sustainability. Cambridge University Press. p. 13.</ref> Kelkaj animalaj specioj, kaj kelkaj individuoj ene de tiuj specioj, estas pli bonaj kandidatoj por aldomigo ol aliaj ĉar ili montras kelkajn kutimarajn karakterojn: (1) la grando kaj organizado de ties socia strukturo; (2) la kapablo kaj la grado de selekteco en ties elekto de partneroj; (3) la facilo kaj rapido laŭ kiuj la gepatroj zorgas la idojn, kaj la matureco kaj moveblo de idoj naske; (4) la grado de fleksebleco en dieto kaj habitata tolero; kaj (5) reagoj al homoj kaj novaj medioj, inklude flugoreagoj kaj reaktiveco al eksteraj stimuloj.<ref>Zeder MA (2012). "The domestication of animals". Journal of Anthropological Research 68 (2): 161–190. doi:10.3998/jar.0521004.0068.201.</ref><ref> Hale, E. B. 1969. “Domestication and the evolution of behavior,” in The behavior of domestic animals, second edition. Edited by E. S. E. Hafez, pp. 22–42. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and Cassell</ref><ref>Price, Edward O (1984). "Behavioral aspects of animal domestication". Quarterly Review of Biology 59: 1–32. doi:10.1086/413673. JSTOR 2827868.</ref><ref>Price, Edward O. 2002. Animal domestication and behavior. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing ([http://www.uesc.br/cursos/pos_graduacao/mestrado/animal/bibliografia2012/selene_artigo1_animal.pdf] Alirita la 14an de Junio 2016.)</ref>
{{redaktata}}
The beginnings of animal domestication involved a protracted [[coevolution]]ary process with multiple stages along different pathways.<ref name=larson2014/> It is proposed that there were three major pathways that most animal domesticates followed into domestication: (1) commensals, adapted to a human niche (e.g., dogs, cats, fowl, possibly pigs); (2) prey animals sought for food (e.g., sheep, goats, cattle, water buffalo, yak, pig, reindeer, llama and alpaca); and (3) targeted animals for draft and nonfood resources (e.g., horse, donkey, camel).<ref name=larson2014/><ref name=marshall2014/><ref name=zeder2012/><ref name=frantz2015b/><ref name=blaustein2015/><ref name=telechea2015/><ref name=vahabi2015/><ref name=gepts2012/><ref name=pontarotti2015/> The dog was the first domesticant,<ref name=larson2012/><ref name=perri2016/> and was established across [[Eurasia]] before the end of the [[Late Pleistocene]] era, well before [[Agriculture|cultivation]] and before the domestication of other animals.<ref name=larson2012/> Humans did not intend to domesticate animals from, or at least they did not envision a domesticated animal resulting from, either the commensal or prey pathways. In both of these cases, humans became entangled with these species as the relationship between them, and the human role in their survival and reproduction, intensified.<ref name=larson2014/> Although the directed pathway proceeded from capture to taming, the other two pathways are not as goal-oriented and archaeological records suggest that they take place over much longer time frames.<ref name=larson2013/>
Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.<ref name=serpell2014/><ref name=cagan2016/> The archaeological and genetic data suggest that long-term bidirectional [[gene flow]] between wild and domestic stocks – including [[donkey]]s, [[horse]]s, New and Old World [[camelid]]s, [[goat]]s, [[sheep]], and [[pig]]s – was common.<ref name=larson2014/><ref name=marshall2014/> One study has concluded that human selection for domestic traits likely counteracted the homogenizing effect of gene flow from wild boars into pigs and created [[domestication islands]] in the genome. The same process may also apply to other domesticated animals.<ref name=frantz2015/><ref name=pennisi2015/>
== Historio ==
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