Charles Dickens: Malsamoj inter versioj

[kontrolita revizio][kontrolita revizio]
Enhavo forigita Enhavo aldonita
Etikedo: Iksokodo
Linio 107:
 
===Mezaj jaroj===
[[File:David reaches Canterbury, from David Copperfield art by Frank Reynolds.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[David Copperfield (characterrolulo)|David]] reachesatingas Canterbury, fromel ''David Copperfield''. TheTiu characterrolulo incorporatesenhavas manymultajn elementselementojn ofde Dickens’sla ownpropra lifevivo de Dickens. ArtworkArtaĵo byde [[Frank Reynolds (artistartisto)|Frank Reynolds]].]]
In DecemberDecembre 1845, Dickens tookentreprenis upla theredaktorecon editorshipde ofla the London-basedlondona ''Daily News'', anome gazeto [[liberalismliberalismo|liberalliberala]] paperpere throughde whichkiu Dickens hoped toesperis advocatedefendi, inlaŭ hissiaj ownpropraj wordsvortoj, "thela PrinciplesPrincipojn ofde ProgressProgreso andkaj ImprovementPlibonigo, ofkaj Educationla andleĝaron Civilde andEdukado Religiouskaj Libertyde andCivila kaj EqualReligia LegislationLiberecoj."<ref name="Roberts">{{cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=David |title=Charles Dickens and the "Daily News": Editorials and Editorial Writers |journal=Victorian Periodicals Review |date=1989 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=51–63 |jstor=20082378 }}</ref> AmongInter the otheraliaj contributorskontribuantoj Dickens choseelektis topor writela forgazeto thekelkajn paperkiel werela the radicalradikala economistekonomikisto [[Thomas Hodgskin]] andkaj la socialsocialan reformerreformiston [[Douglas William Jerrold]], whokiu frequentlyofte attackedatakis thela [[Corn LawsGrenleĝo]]n.<ref name="Roberts" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Slater |first1=Michael |title=Douglas Jerrold |date=2015 |publisher=Gerald Duckworth & Co |pages=197–204 |isbn=978-0715646588}}</ref> Dickens lastedrestis onlynur tendek weekssemajnojn onen thela joblaborposteno beforeantaŭ resigningrezigni duepro tokombino ade combinationelĉerpiĝo ofkaj exhaustionfrustrado andrilate frustrational withunu oneel ofla thekunposedanto paper'sde co-ownersla gazeto.<ref name="Roberts" />
{{redaktata}}
TheLa Francophilefrancemulo Dickens oftenofte holidayedferiis inen FranceFrancio, andkaj inen adiskurso speechfarita delivereden inParizo Paris inen 1846 inen Frenchfranca calledlingvo theli Frenchnomis la francojn "thela firstunua peoplepopolo inen thela universemondo".<ref name="Soubigou pages 154-167">Soubigou, Gilles "Dickens's Illustrations: France and other countries" pagespp. 154-167 fromel ''The Reception of Charles Dickens in Europe'' editedeldonita byde Michael Hollington London: A&C Black 2013 pagep. 159.</ref> DuringDum hissia visitvizito toal ParisParizo, Dickens metrenkontiĝis thekun Frenchla literatifrancaj verkistoj [[Alexandre Dumas]], [[Victor Hugo]], [[Eugène Scribe]], [[Théophile Gautier]], [[François-René de Chateaubriand]] andkaj [[Eugène Sue]].<ref name="Soubigou pages 154-167"/> InKomence earlyde 1849, Dickens started to writeekverkis ''[[David Copperfield (romano)|David Copperfield]]''. ItĜi wasestis publishedpublikigita betweeninter 1849 andkaj 1850. InEn Dickens’la biographybiografio de Dickens, ''Life of Charles Dickens'' (1872), [[John Forster (biographer)|John Forster]] wrote of ''David Copperfield'', “underneath the fiction lay something of the author’s life.”<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hiu Yen Lee |first1=Klaudia |title=Charles Dickens and China, 1895-1915: Cross-Cultural Encounters |date=2015 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=56}}</ref> It was Dickens's personal favourite among his own novels, as he wrote in the author's preface to the 1867 edition of the novel.<ref>{{cite book |first=Charles |last=Dickens |title=David Copperfield |chapter=Preface |edition=1867 |location=London |publisher=Wordsworth Classics |page=4}}</ref>
[[File:David reaches Canterbury, from David Copperfield art by Frank Reynolds.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[David Copperfield (character)|David]] reaches Canterbury, from ''David Copperfield''. The character incorporates many elements of Dickens’s own life. Artwork by [[Frank Reynolds (artist)|Frank Reynolds]].]]
In December 1845, Dickens took up the editorship of the London-based ''Daily News'', a [[liberalism|liberal]] paper through which Dickens hoped to advocate, in his own words, "the Principles of Progress and Improvement, of Education and Civil and Religious Liberty and Equal Legislation."<ref name="Roberts">{{cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=David |title=Charles Dickens and the "Daily News": Editorials and Editorial Writers |journal=Victorian Periodicals Review |date=1989 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=51–63 |jstor=20082378 }}</ref> Among the other contributors Dickens chose to write for the paper were the radical economist [[Thomas Hodgskin]] and social reformer [[Douglas William Jerrold]], who frequently attacked the [[Corn Laws]].<ref name="Roberts" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Slater |first1=Michael |title=Douglas Jerrold |date=2015 |publisher=Gerald Duckworth & Co |pages=197–204 |isbn=978-0715646588}}</ref> Dickens lasted only ten weeks on the job before resigning due to a combination of exhaustion and frustration with one of the paper's co-owners.<ref name="Roberts" />
 
The Francophile Dickens often holidayed in France, and in a speech delivered in Paris in 1846 in French called the French "the first people in the universe".<ref name="Soubigou pages 154-167">Soubigou, Gilles "Dickens's Illustrations: France and other countries" pages 154-167 from ''The Reception of Charles Dickens in Europe'' edited by Michael Hollington London: A&C Black 2013 page 159.</ref> During his visit to Paris, Dickens met the French literati Alexandre Dumas, Victor Hugo, Eugène Scribe, Théophile Gautier, François-René de Chateaubriand and Eugène Sue.<ref name="Soubigou pages 154-167"/> In early 1849, Dickens started to write ''[[David Copperfield]]''. It was published between 1849 and 1850. In Dickens’ biography, ''Life of Charles Dickens'' (1872), [[John Forster (biographer)|John Forster]] wrote of ''David Copperfield'', “underneath the fiction lay something of the author’s life.”<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hiu Yen Lee |first1=Klaudia |title=Charles Dickens and China, 1895-1915: Cross-Cultural Encounters |date=2015 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=56}}</ref> It was Dickens's personal favourite among his own novels, as he wrote in the author's preface to the 1867 edition of the novel.<ref>{{cite book |first=Charles |last=Dickens |title=David Copperfield |chapter=Preface |edition=1867 |location=London |publisher=Wordsworth Classics |page=4}}</ref>
 
In late November 1851, Dickens moved into [[Tavistock House]] where he wrote ''[[Bleak House]]'' (1852–53), ''[[Hard Times (novel)|Hard Times]]'' (1854), and ''[[Little Dorrit]]'' (1856).<ref>{{harvnb|Ackroyd|1990|pp=628; 634–638}}.</ref> It was here that he indulged in the amateur theatricals described in Forster's ''Life''.<ref>{{harvnb|Ackroyd|1990|pp=648; 686–687; 772–773}}</ref> During this period he worked closely with the novelist and playwright [[Wilkie Collins]]. In 1856, his income from writing allowed him to buy [[Gad's Hill Place]] in [[Higham, Kent]]. As a child, Dickens had walked past the house and dreamed of living in it. The area was also the scene of some of the events of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]'', and this literary connection pleased him.<ref>{{harvnb|Ackroyd|1990|pp=32:723:750}}.</ref>