James Clerk Maxwell: Malsamoj inter versioj
| [kontrolita revizio] | [kontrolita revizio] |
Enhavo forigita Enhavo aldonita
Kani (diskuto | kontribuoj) |
Kani (diskuto | kontribuoj) |
||
Linio 31:
Maxwell estis sendita al la prestiĝa [[Edinburga Akademio]].<ref>{{harvnb|Campbell|1882|pp=19–21}}</ref> Li loĝis dum ioma tempo hejme de sia onklino Isabella. Dum tiu tempo lia pasio por desegnado estis kuraĝigita de lia pli aĝa kuzino Jemima.<ref name="mahon_p 12-14">{{harvnb|Mahon|2003|pp=12–14}}</ref> La 10-jaraĝa Maxwell, edukita izole en la kampara bieno de sia patro, ne bone fartis en lernejo.<ref name="mahon_p 10">{{harvnb|Mahon|2003|p=10}}</ref> La unua jaro estis kompletigita, kio devigis lin aligi al la dua jaro kun samklasmnoj unu jaron pli aĝaj.<ref name="mahon_p 10"/> Lia konduto kaj akĉento de Galloway gapigis la aliajn knabojn kiel kamparana. Alveninta al sia unua lerneja tago vestante paron de hejmfaritaj ŝuoj kaj mantelon, li akiris la malafablan kromnomon "[[wikt:daft|Daftie]]" ([[ĝentlemano|fiĝentlemano]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Mahon|2003|p=4}}</ref> Li neniam ŝajnis bedaŭri la epiteton, portanta ĝin senpene dum multaj jaroj.<ref>{{harvnb|Campbell|1882|pp=23–24}}</ref> Socia izoligo en la Akademio finis kiam li renkontiĝis kun Lewis Campbell kaj [[Peter Guthrie Tait]], du knaboj similaĝaj kiuj estos elstaraj fakuloj poste en la vivo. Ili restis dumvivaj amikoj.<ref name="oxford_506"/>
Maxwell
===Universitato de Edinburgo, 1847–1850===
[[File:Edinburgh University 1827.jpg|left|thumb|Old College, Universitato de Edinburgo]]
Maxwell left the Academy in 1847 at age 16 and began attending classes at the [[Universitato de Edinburgo]].<ref name="Harman_p 662">{{harvnb|Harman|2004|p=662}}</ref> He had the opportunity to attend the [[Universitato de Kembriĝo]], but decided, after his first term, to complete the full course of his undergraduate studies at Edinburgh. The academic staff of the University included some highly regarded names; his first year tutors included [[Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet|Sir William Hamilton]], who lectured him on [[logiko]] and [[metafiziko]], [[Philip Kelland]] on mathematics, and [[James David Forbes|James Forbes]] on [[natura filozofio]].<ref name="oxford_506"/> He did not find his classes at the University demanding,<ref>{{harvnb|Tolstoy|1982|p=46}}</ref> and was therefore able to immerse himself in private study during free time at the University and particularly when back home at Glenlair.<ref>{{harvnb|Campbell|1882|p=64}}</ref> There he would experiment with improvised chemical, electric, and magnetic apparatus, however his chief concerns regarded the properties of [[polarized light|polarised light]].<ref>{{harvnb|Mahon|2003|pp=30–31}}</ref> He constructed shaped blocks of [[gelatino]], subjected them to various [[stress (physics)|stresses]], and with a pair of [[Nicol prism|polarising prisms]] given to him by [[William Nicol (inventor)|William Nicol]], viewed the coloured fringes that had developed within the jelly.<ref>{{harvnb|Timoshenko|1983|p=58}}</ref> Through this practice he discovered [[fotoelasteco]], which is a means of determining the stress distribution within physical structures.<ref>{{harvnb|Russo|1996|p=73}}</ref>
At age 18, Maxwell contributed two papers for the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh|Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]. One of these, "On the Equilibrium of Elastic Solids", laid the foundation for an important discovery later in his life, which was the temporary [[double refraction]] produced in [[viscosity|viscous]] liquids by [[shear stress]].<ref>{{harvnb|Timoshenko|1983|pp=268–278}}</ref> His other paper was "Rolling Curves" and, just as with the paper "Oval Curves" that he had written at the Edinburgh Academy, he was again considered too young to stand at the rostrum to present it himself. The paper was delivered to the Royal Society by his tutor Kelland instead.<ref>{{harvnb|Glazebrook|1896|p=23}}</ref>
== Anekdoto ==
| |||