James Clerk Maxwell: Malsamoj inter versioj
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La epoko de Maxwell en la King's College estis probable la plej produktiva el lia kariero. Li ricevis la Medalon Rumford de la [[Royal Society|Reĝa Societo]] en 1860 pro sia laboro pri koloro kaj poste estis elektita kiel membro de la Societo en 1861.<ref name="Tolstoy_p 103-104">{{harvnb|Tolstoy|1982|p=103}}</ref> En tiu vivoperiodo li sukcesis fari la unuan malpez-rapidan kolorfoton, plue disvolvigis siajn ideojn pri la [[viskozeco]] de gasoj, kaj proponis sistemon difini fizikajn kvantojn — nune konata kiel dimensi-analizo. Maxwell ofte ĉeestis en prelegoj en la [[Reĝa Institucio]], kie li estis en regula kontakto kun [[Michael Faraday]]. Tamen la rilato inter ili ne povas esti priskribita kiel proksima, ĉar Faraday estis 40 jarojn pli aĝa ol Maxwell kaj jam montris signojn de [[Demenco#Kialoj kaj tipoj|senileco]]. Ili tamen montris fortan respekton unu por la talentoj de la alia.<ref>{{harvnb|Tolstoy|1982|pp=100–101}}</ref>
[[File:James Clerk Maxwell 16 Palace Gardens Terrace blue plaque.jpg|thumb|
===Lastaj jaroj, 1865–1879===
[[File:JCM Grave-1.jpg|thumb|Tomboŝtono en Parton Kirk (Galloway) de James Clerk Maxwell, de liaj gepatroj kaj de lia edzino.]]
[[File:JCM Memorial Stone-1.jpg|thumb|Tiu memorŝtono al James Clerk Maxwell staras sur gazono antaŭŭ la preĝejo, ĉe la primilita memormonumento en Parton (Galloway).]]
En 1865 Maxwell rezignis pri la katedro en King's College, Londono, kaj revenis al Glenlair kun Katherine. En sia artikolo 'On governors' (1868, Pri governatoroj) li matematika priskribis la konduton de governatoroj, nome aparatoj kiuj kontrolas la rapidon de vapomaŝinoj, tiel establante teorian bazon de kontrolinĝenierado.<ref>Maxwell, J.C. (1868),'On governors', from the proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 100</ref> En sia artikolo "On reciprocal figures, frames and diagrams of forces" (1870) he discussed the rigidity of various designs of lattice.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://digital.nls.uk/scientists/pageturner.cfm?id=74629052 |doi=10.1017/S0080456800026351 |title=I.—On Reciprocal Figures, Frames, and Diagrams of Forces |year=2013 |last1=Maxwell |first1=J. Clerk |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=26 |page=1 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223948/http://digital.nls.uk/scientists/pageturner.cfm?id=74629052 |archivedate=12 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.iri.upc.edu/people/ros/StructuralTopology/ST1/st1-06-a3-ocr.pdf |title=Structural rigidity |last=Crapo |first=Henry |journal=Structural Topology |year=1979 |issue=1 |pages=26–45 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023180547/http://www.iri.upc.edu/people/ros/StructuralTopology/ST1/st1-06-a3-ocr.pdf |archivedate=23 October 2014 }}</ref> He wrote the textbook ''Theory of Heat'' (1871) and the treatise ''Matter and Motion'' (1876). Maxwell was also the first to make explicit use of [[dimensional analysis]], in 1871.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/creativepowerofc0000lest |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/creativepowerofc0000lest/page/20 20]–21 |title=The Creative Power of Chance |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-06686-3 |last=Lestienne |first=Rémy |year=1998 }}</ref>
In 1871 he returned to Cambridge to become the first [[Cavendish Professor of Physics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/cavprof.php |title=The Cavendish Professorship of Physics |publisher=University of Cambridge, Department of Physics |accessdate=27 March 2013 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703172354/http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/cavprof.php |archivedate=3 July 2013 }}</ref> Maxwell was put in charge of the development of the [[Cavendish Laboratory]], supervising every step in the progress of the building and of the purchase of the collection of apparatus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/old_maxwell.php |title=The Old Cavendish – "The First Ten Years" |publisher=University of Cambridge Department of Physics |author=Moralee, Dennis |accessdate=30 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915013523/http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/old_maxwell.php |archivedate=15 September 2013 |df= }}</ref> One of Maxwell's last great contributions to science was the editing (with copious original notes) of the research of [[Henry Cavendish]], from which it appeared that Cavendish researched, amongst other things, such questions as the [[density]] of the Earth and the composition of water.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46Rx1U5x70QC&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false |page=40 |title=What's Who?: A Dictionary of Things Named After People and the People They are Named After |isbn=978-1-84876-047-9 |last=Jones |first=Roger |year=2009 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520064247/https://books.google.com/books?id=46Rx1U5x70QC&pg=PA40 |archivedate=20 May 2016 }}</ref>
In March 1879 Maxwell sent an important letter to the astronomer [[David Peck Todd|David Todd]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Maxwell's letter to Todd|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=30|date=22 January 1880|pages=108–110|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000067365494&view=1up&seq=130}}</ref> In April 1879 Maxwell began to have difficulty in swallowing, the first symptom of his fatal illness.<ref>{{cite book|author=Campbell, Lewis|title=The life of James Clerk Maxwell|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|page=411|year=1882|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015059009939&view=1up&seq=453}}</ref>
Maxwell died in Cambridge of abdominal cancer on 5 November 1879 at the age of 48.<ref name="Harman_p 662"/> His mother had died at the same age of the same type of cancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/JCMF_brochure_v2.pdf |title=James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |accessdate=30 June 2013 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827222612/http://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/JCMF_brochure_v2.pdf |archivedate=27 August 2013 }}</ref> The minister who regularly visited him in his last weeks was astonished at his lucidity and the immense power and scope of his memory.
Maxwell is buried at [[Parton, Dumfries and Galloway|Parton]] Kirk, near [[Castle Douglas]] in Galloway close to where he grew up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/parton.html |title=Parton & Sam Callander |publisher=James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |accessdate=30 June 2013 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602221421/http://www.clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/parton.html |archivedate=2 June 2013 }}</ref> The extended biography ''The Life of James Clerk Maxwell'', by his former schoolfellow and lifelong friend Professor [[Lewis Campbell (classicist)|Lewis Campbell]], was published in 1882.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8_iS-4ec9wwC |title=The Life of James Clerk Maxwell: With a Selection from His Correspondence and Occasional Writings and a Sketch of His Contributions to Science |isbn=978-1-108-01370-3 |last=Campbell |first=Lewis |year=2010 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529034539/https://books.google.com/books?id=8_iS-4ec9wwC |archivedate=29 May 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Campbell |first=Lewis |year=1882 |title=The Life of James Clerk Maxwell: With a Selection from His Correspondence and Occasional Writings and a Sketch of His Contributions to Science |publisher=Macmillan |place=London |edition=1 |volume= |url=https://archive.org/details/lifejamesclerkm01garngoog |accessdate=16 June 2014 |ref=harv |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905095353/https://archive.org/details/lifejamesclerkm01garngoog |archivedate=5 September 2014 }}</ref> His collected works were issued in two volumes by the [[Cambridge University Press]] in 1890.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jrzq_7NhGRkC |title=The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell |isbn=978-1-108-01225-6 |last1=Maxwell |first1=James Clerk |year=2011 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502054439/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jrzq_7NhGRkC |archivedate=2 May 2016 }}</ref>
The executors of Maxwell's estate were his physician [[George Edward Paget]], [[G. G. Stokes]], and Colin Mackenzie, who was Maxwell's cousin. Overburdened with work, Stokes passed Maxwell's papers to [[William Garnett (professor)|William Garnett]], who had effective custody of the papers until about 1884.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfM8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR18|title = The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell: 1846-1862|page=xviii|isbn = 9780521256254|editor=Harman, P. M.|last1 = Maxwell|first1 = James Clerk|year = 1990}}</ref>
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