Rusia malsatego de 1921: Malsamoj inter versioj

==La intennaciainternacia helpa klopodo==

Kvankam, la bolŝevika registaro ne eldonis oficialan peton por helpo, komitato de bonkonataj personoj - sen evidenta partia ligo - organizis fari apelacion por asistenco. En julio de 1921, la verkisto [[Maksim Gorkij]] publikigis petegon al la ekstera mondo, pretendante, ke milionoj da vivoj estas minacataj pro rikolta malsukcesego. En la konferenco de [[Ĝenevo]] la 15-an de aŭgusto - organizita fare de [[Internacia Komitato de la Ruĝa Kruco]] (angla mallongigo ICCR) kaj la [[Ligo de Asocioj de Ruĝa Kruco]] - oni fondis la ''International Committee for Russian Relief (ICCR)'' (Internacia Komitato por la Rusia Helpo) kun Dr. [[Fridtjof Nansen]] kiel ties ĉefkomisiito. La ĉefa partoprenanto estis la ''American Relief Association'' de Hoover, alongkun withaliaj otherasocioj bodies such as thekiel [[American Friends Service Committee]] andkaj thela [[International Save the Children Union]], whichkies hadĉefa thekontribuanto Britishestis la brita [[Save the Children Fund]] as the major contributor.

Nansen headedveturis toal MoscowMoskvo, wherekie heli signedsubskribis aninerkonsenton agreement with Soviet Foreign Ministrykun [[Georgij Ĉiĉerin]], thatsovata lefteksterkomerca theministro, ke ICCR inhavas fullplenan controlkontrolon ofje itsla operationshelpagado. At the same timeSamtempe, fundraisingkomenciĝis forserioza thekolekta faminekampanjo reliefen operationBritio beganpor inla earnestkontraŭmalsatega inhelpo. Britain,Oni withaperigis alltutpaĝajn theanoncojn elementsen ofla agazetoj, modernprezentis emergencyfilmeton reliefpri operationla -malstaega full-page newspaper advertisementsregiono, local collections, and a fundraising film shot in theorganizis faminelokan areakolektadon. ByEn Septemberseptembro, aŝipo ship had been despatched from London carrying 600 tons of supplies. The first feeding centre was opened in October in Saratov.

The ICCR managed to feed around ten million people, with the overwhelming bulk coming from the ARA, funded by the [[US Congress]]; the International Save the Children Union, by comparison, managed to feed 375,000 at the height of the operation. The operation was hazardous - several workers died of cholera - and was not without its critics, including the London [[Daily Express]], which first denied the severity of the famine, and then argued that the money would better be spent on poverty in the United Kingdom. {{Ref|Breen}}

The Communist Government used this as an excuse to mount an attack against the Orthodox Church: churches were stripped, ostensibly to provide for the relief of the famine victims. Many senior members of the church were executed, and even more deported.{{cn}}

*Breen, Rodney (1994). "Saving Enemy Children: Save the Children's Russian Relief Organisation, 1921-1923". ''Disasters'' 18 (3), 221-237. On the international relief effort; entire section.