Komunisma ŝtato: Malsamoj inter versioj

[[Dosiero:Communist countries.svg|eta|300px|Mapo de landoj kiuj deklaris sin aŭ estis deklaritaj komunismaj ŝtatoj laŭ difinoj de [[Marksismo-leninismo]] aŭ de [[Maoismo]] iam en ties historio (ne nepre samtempe).]]

{{Skatolo komunismo}}

'''Komunisma ŝtato''' estas [[ŝtato]] kiu estas kutime administrata kaj regata de [[Unupartiismo|ununura]] [[politika partio]] teorie reprezentanta la [[proletaro]]n, gvidita de [[Marksismo-leninismo|marksism-leninisma]] [[filozofio]], kun la celo atingi [[komunismo]]n. Okazis pluraj okazoj de komunismaj ŝtatoj kun funkciad-politikaj partopren-procezoj implikantaj plurajn aliajn ne-partiajn organizojn, kiel ekzemple [[sindikato]]jn, fabrik-[[komitato]]jn, kaj partoprenadon en [[rekta demokratio]].<ref>Sloan, Pat (1937). "Soviet democracy".</ref><ref> Farber, Samuel (1992). "Before Stalinism: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Democracy".</ref><ref>Getzler, Israel (2002). "Kronstadt 1917-1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy". Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>Webb, Sidney; Beatrice Webb (1935). "Soviet communism: a new civilisation?".</ref><ref>Busky, Donald F. (July 20, 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. p. 9. ISBN 978-0275968861. "In a modern sense of the word, communism refers to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism."</ref> La esprimo "Komunisma ŝtato" estas uzata fare de okcidentaj [[historiisto]]j, politikaj [[sciencisto]]j kaj [[amaskomunikilo]]j por rilati al tiuj landoj. Tamen, kontraŭe al okcidenta uzokutimo, tiuj ŝtatoj ne priskribas sin kiel "komunisma" nek ili asertas esti atinginta komunismon; ili nomas sin mem socialismaj ŝtatoj aŭ la ŝtatoj de [[laboristo]]j kiuj estas en la procezo de konstruado de [[socialismo]].<ref> Wilczynski, J. (2008). The Economics of Socialism after World War Two: 1945-1990. Aldine Transaction. p. 21. ISBN 978-0202362281. "Contrary to Western usage, these countries describe themselves as 'Socialist' (not 'Communist'). The second stage (Marx's 'higher phase'), or 'Communism' is to be marked by an age of plenty, distribution according to needs (not work), the absence of money and the market mechanism, the disappearance of the last vestiges of capitalism and the ultimate 'whithering away' of the State." </ref><ref> Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999). From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. p. 45. ISBN 978-0875484495. "Among Western journalists the term 'Communist' came to refer exclusively to regimes and movements associated with the Communist International and its offspring: regimes which insisted that they were not communist but socialist, and movements which were barely communist in any sense at all." </ref><ref> Rosser, Mariana V. and J Barkley Jr. (23 July 2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. MIT Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0262182348. "Ironically, the ideological father of communism, Karl Marx, claimed that communism entailed the withering away of the state. The dictatorship of the proletariat was to be a strictly temporary phenomenon. Well aware of this, the Soviet Communists never claimed to have achieved communism, always labeling their own system socialist rather than communist and viewing their system as in transition to communism." </ref><ref> Williams, Raymond (1983). "Socialism". Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society, revised edition. Oxford University Press. p. 289. ISBN 0-19-520469-7. "The decisive distinction between socialist and communist, as in one sense these terms are now ordinarily used, came with the renaming, in 1918, of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) as the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). From that time on, a distinction of socialist from communist, often with supporting definitions such as social democrat or democratic socialist, became widely current, although it is significant that all communist parties, in line with earlier usage, continued to describe themselves as socialist and dedicated to socialism." </ref> Aliaj titoloj estas "popola respubliko", "socialisma respubliko" aŭ "demokratia respubliko".