Xi Jinping: Malsamoj inter versioj
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'''Xi''' '''Jinping''' (pinjine) aŭ '''Ŝji Ĝinping''' (esperante) (simpligita ĉina: {{lang|zh-Hans|习近平}}; tradicia ĉina: {{lang|zh-Hant|習近平}}; [ɕǐ tɕîn pʰǐŋ]) (naskiĝinte la 15an de junio 1953 en [[Pekino]]<ref name="BBC">{{en}} [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11551399 "Profile: Xi Jinping - China's next leader?"], BBC, 14 februaro 2012</ref>) estas ĉina politikisto, kiu estis [[Ĝenerala Sekretario de la Komunista Partio de Ĉinio|Ĝenerala Sekretario]] de la [[Komunista Partio de Ĉinio|Komunista Partio de Ĉinio]] (KPĈ) kaj
La filo de ĉina komunista veterano
Xi estas la unua Ĝenerala Sekretario, kiu naskiĝis post la establo de la Popola Respubliko Ĉinio. Xi starigis multajn rimedojn por efektivigi partian obeadon kaj internan unuecon. Ties kampanjo kontraŭ koruptado kaŭzis la malsukceson de eminentaj nunaj kaj eksaj oficiuloj de la komunista partio, inkluzive membroj de la Konstanta Komitato de la Politburo. Xi faris pli agresema fremda politiko, precipe pri rilatoj inter Ĉinio kaj Japanio, pri teritoriaj asertoj en la Suda Ĉina Maro, kaj pri [[libera komerco]] kaj [[tutmondiĝo]]. XI klopondis vastigi la influon de Ĉinio en Afriko kaj Azio per la [[La Zono kaj la Vojo|Iniciato Zono kaj Vojo]].
Xi multe centrigis institucian povon per teni al si multajn postenojn, inkluzive estron de la nova Nacia Sekureca Komisiono, kaj estron de novaj komitatoj pri ekonomiaj kaj sociaj reformoj, milita restrukturado kaj modernigo, kaj la interreto.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=%2Fcontent%2Fias%2Farchiv%2Fcds%2Fcds_0905.pdf|title=Journal of Current Chinese Affairs|date=majo 2009|website=giga-hamburg.de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217211144/http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=%2Fcontent%2Fias%2Farchiv%2Fcds%2Fcds_0905.pdf|archive-date=17 februaro 2012|access-date=20 oktobro 2010}}</ref>
Xi estsa ofte priskribita kiel [[diktatoro]] de politikaj kaj akademiaj observantoj,{{refn|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brady|first=Anne-Marie|date=2015|title=China's Foreign Propaganda Machine|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/journal_of_democracy/v026/26.4.brady.html|journal=Journal of Democracy|language=en|volume=26|issue=4|pages=51–59|doi=10.1353/jod.2015.0056|s2cid=146531927|issn=1086-3214}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Amako|first=Satoshi|date=2 januaro 2018|title=China's authoritarian path to development: is democratization possible?, by Liang Tang, Abingdon, Routledge, 2017, 263pp., {{text|ISBN}}: 978-1-138-01647-7|journal=Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies|volume=7|issue=1|pages=81–83|doi=10.1080/24761028.2018.1483700|issn=2476-1028|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tung|first=Hans H.|title=Economic Growth and Endogenous Authoritarian Institutions in Post-Reform China|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2019|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Howell|first1=Jude|last2=Pringle|first2=Tim|date=2019|title=Shades of Authoritarianism and State–Labour Relations in China|journal=British Journal of Industrial Relations|language=en|volume=57|issue=2|pages=223–246|doi=10.1111/bjir.12436|s2cid=158485609|issn=1467-8543|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29847/1/Howell%20and%20Pringle_Shades%20of%20Authoritarianism_British_Journal_of_Industrial_Relations.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Düben|first=Björn Alexander|date=3 marto 2020|title=Xi Jinping and the End of Chinese Exceptionalism|journal=Problems of Post-Communism|volume=67|issue=2|pages=111–128|doi=10.1080/10758216.2018.1535274|s2cid=158657283|issn=1075-8216}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tung|first=Hans H.|title=Economic Growth and Endogenous Authoritarian Institutions in Post-Reform China|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2019}}</ref>|name=dictatorandauthoritarian}} pro pliigo de [[cenzuro]] kaj [[amasa gvatado]], plimalboniĝo de [[homaj rajtoj]], la [[personeca kulto]] pri tiu, kaj la elimino de limoj pri kiom longe oni povas resti en sia posteno.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/26/xi-jinping-china-presidential-limit-scrap-dictator-for-life|title='Dictator for life': Xi Jinping's power grab condemned as step towards tyranny|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=26 February 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=12 aŭgusto 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/cb2c8578-adb4-11e7-aab9-abaa44b1e130|title=Under Xi Jinping, China is turning back to dictatorship|last=Anderlini|first=Jamil|date=11 October 2017|work=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=12 aŭgusto 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2018/03/05/dictatorship-nearly-destroyed-china-once-will-it-do-so-again/?noredirect=on|title=Dictatorship nearly destroyed China once. Will it do so again?|last=Radchenko|first=Sergey|date=5 March 2018|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=12 aŭgusto 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2018/04/02/a-deepening-dictatorship-promises-a-grim-future-for-china/|title=A deepening dictatorship promises a grim future for China|last=Carrico|first=Kevin|date=2 aprilo 2018|work=[[East Asia Forum]]|access-date=12 aŭgusto 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/emasculate-america-the-dictators-plan-for-world-domination-l0t232nfx|title=Emasculate America: The dictator's plan for world domination|last=Stelzer|first=Irwin|date=4 March 2018|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=12 aŭgusto 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/06/21/kim-jong-un-entertains-xi-jinping-at-home|title=Kim Jong Un entertains Xi Jinping at home|date=21 June 2019|work=The Economist|access-date=17 aŭgusto 2019|issn=0013-0613|quote=It was Mr Xi’s first visit to North Korea since he and Mr Kim took the helm of their respective countries... It is not known what precisely the two dictators discussed once they retired to a guest house for talks.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/china-xi-jinping-ban-823823|title=China's war on words show Xi Jinping is a dictator for life {{!}} Opinion|last=Mair|first=Victor H.|date=28 February 2018|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=17 aŭgusto 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/opinion-xi-jinping-todays-chairman-tomorrows-dictator/a-42747054|title=Opinion: Xi Jinping – Today's chairman, tomorrow's dictator?|last=Hein|first=Matthias|date=26 February 2018|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/china-likely-enter-another-long-period-severe-dictatorship|title=China Is Likely to Enter Another Long Period of Severe Dictatorship|last=Cohen|first=Jerome A.|date=28 February 2018|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en|access-date=17 aŭgusto 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/donald-trump-xi-jinping-bad-leadership-by-chris-patten-2019-07|title=Great Countries, Bad Leaders|last=Patten|first=Chris|date=30 julio 2019|website=Project Syndicate|language=en|access-date=17 aŭgusto 2019|quote=Moreover, Xi is deploying cutting-edge technology to reinforce his dictatorship.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-02-26/china-and-xi-jinping-toss-aside-their-experiment-with-stability|title=China Now Faces the Downsides of Dictatorship|last=Feldman|first=Noah|date=27 February 2018|work=Bloomberg|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/23/chinese-export-repression-xi-jinping-mao-china-hong-kong|title=The Chinese export we really should be worried about: repression|last=Tisdall|first=Simon|date=23 November 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=17 August 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|quote=What is different, and underappreciated in the west, is the way Xi is inexorably and single-mindedly expanding draconian systems of social control centred on the Communist party and the de facto dictatorship of one man: himself.}}</ref> La politikaj pensoj de Xi estis inkluzivitaj en la konstitucioj de la partio kaj de la ŝtato.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2111746/xi-jinpings-political-thought-will-be-added-chinas|title=Xi Jinping's political thought will be added to Chinese Communist Party constitution, but will his name be next to it?|last1=Choi|first1=Chi-yuk|date=18 September 2017|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=22 septembro 2017|last2=Jun|first2=Mai}}</ref><ref name="ForeignPolicyCultPersonality2">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/08/the-personality-cult-of-xi-jinping-china-leader-communist-party/|title=Behind the Personality Cult of Xi Jinping|last1=Jiayang|first1=Fan|last2=Taisu|first2=Zhang|date=8 marto 2016|newspaper=[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726173241/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/08/the-personality-cult-of-xi-jinping-china-leader-communist-party/|archive-date=26 July 2019|access-date=26 julio 2019|last3=Ying|first3=Zhu}}</ref>
== Referencoj ==
Linio 24 ⟶ 28:
[[Kategorio:Ĝenerala Sekretarioj de Ĉinio]]
[[Kategorio:Prezidantoj de Ĉinio]]
{{tradukita|lingvo=en|artikolo=Xi Jinping|revizio=1033183566}}
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