Kernavė: Malsamoj inter versioj

|Nomo = Kernavės Archeologijos Muziejus - Rezervatas

|Bildo = [[Dosiero:Kernavė - Hill forts 01.jpg|300px]]

|regiono-ISO=LT

|Regiono = Eŭropo kaj Nordameriko

|Plie =

|Mapo=Litovio

}}

'''Kernavė''' estas la unua [[ĉefurbo]] de la mezepoka [[Grandduklando Litovio]], nuntempe centro de ŝtata kultura rezervejo inaŭgurita dum 2003, kaj vizitata ĉefe de turistoj kaj arkeologoj. Ĝi troviĝas en la komunumo [[Širvintos]] ([[distrikto Vilnius]]) en la sudoriento de [[Litovio]]. Dum 2004, la loko akceptiĝis en la listo de [[Unesko]] pri mondaj kulturaj heredaĵoj.

 

Kernavė is situated near the bend of the [[Neris]] and the [[Pajauta Valley]], next to the area of historic hillfort mounds.

Kernavė is situated on the right bank of the river [[Neris]], on the upper Neris terrace. The distance to [[Širvintos]] is 21 [[kilometre]]s, to [[Vilnius]] about 35 km. It is close to the Vilnius-Kaunas (18 km) and Vilnius-[[Panevėžys]] (17 km) highways. It is possible to travel to Kernavė from [[Vilnius]] by the river Neris.

 

The area of Kernavė was sparingly inhabitated at the end of the [[Paleolithic]] era, with the number of settlements significantly increasing in the [[Mesolithic]] and [[Neolithic]] eras.

 

The site became the subject of wider interest again in the middle of 19th century, when a romantic writer, [[Feliks Bernatowicz]] depicted the area in his novel ''"Pojata, córka Lizdejki"'' ("Pajauta, the Daughter of Lizdeika", Warsaw, 1826). The hillforts were soon excavated by Tyszkiewicz brothers and then by [[Władysław Syrokomla]] (1859). After the [[World War II|Second World War]], the excavation works were restarted by [[Vilnius University]] in 1979, and then again by the Lithuanian Institute of History between 1980-1983. The State Cultural Reserve of Kernavė was created in 2003.

 

Next to the present-day church is the churchyard of the old churches. The foundations of the church built in [[1739]] have been excavated. This wooden church was moved in [[1935]] to Krivonys. A concrete [[monument]] with a cross erected in [[1930]] during the celebrations of the 500th anniversary of [[Vytautas the Great|Vytautas]] death serves as a reminder of the Vytautas Church built in [[1420]].

 

In the grounds of the ancient churches, from the [[15th century|15th]] to the [[19th century]], the people of Kernavė were buried. Two [[chapel]]s stand nearby. The wooden chapel is an example of [[vernacular architecture|folk architecture]]. It is believed that it was built at the end of the [[13th century]] on the Kernavelė estate, and moved to the Kernavė church. At the end of the [[19th century]] the church used it as a storehouse. In [[1920]] a new church was built, and the chapel staffed to decay, since it was no longer part of the church. In [[1959]] it was repaired, and in [[1993]]-[[1994]] restored. The building belongs to the Kernavė parish. It is used to display exhibits of wooden church sculpture.

 

The brick chapel from the [[19th century]] houses the [[mausoleum]] of the Romer family. It was built in [[1851]]-[[1856]] by the landowner Stanisław Romer. The chapel is built of brick and plaster, and is an example of late [[classicism]]. It is small and has an octagonal plan, which is unusual for classicism. Inside, there is an opening in the floor which leads to the crypt. Coffins were bricked into its niches. Inside the chapel the altar's mensa, built of stones, has survived. Along the side walls there are black benches. Memorial plaques with the [[Coat of Arms]] and names of the members of the Riomeriai family are attached to the walls. After the [[World War I|First World War]] the chapel was neglected. It was repaired in [[1959]] and [[1987]]. At the present time the chapel belongs to the Kernavė parish.

 

Both chapels are situated in the Kernavė archaeological and historical reservation. The present-day church was built between [[1910]] and [[1920]]. [[Neo-gothic]] elements are dominant in the architecture.

 

The old architecture of Kernavė is best preserved in Vilnius and Kriveikiškio streets. In the central part of the town, the buildings are mainly from the postwar period. The settlement is in harmony with the natural beauty of its surroundings. To the south of the town is the Archaeological and Historical Reservation, the spectacular natural relief on both sides of the Neris.

 

 

== Celebraĵoj ==

 

== Eksteraj ligiloj ==

 

 

[[Kategorio:Historio de Litovio]]